Sunday, June 16, 2013

PIRATES AND PARASITES IN PARADISE - Includes Exposing America the lands of 10%

EXPOSING America, the lands of 10% according to the German Jews: Read Kamehameha's Descendants/Heirs vs. the State of Hawaii or the PIRATES/PARASITES IN PARADISE


The Kamehameha's Descendants /Heirs Exists and are and remain part of Crown Lands Owners.

The Successors Descendants/Heirs were designated part f the Crown Lands as well, provifding they were Not Treasonous to the Hawaiian Kingdom.

The following are reposts and posted as reminders to everyone:


"ah, genealogies………..such a very important thing to maintain…………..

http://www.youtube.com/v/5zUoPz90UA8&hl=en_US&fs=1
PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF KAMEHAMEHA’S DESCENDANTS/Heirs
- Compiled by Amelia Gora, a Royal person (2003)
The following are two (2) of the main examples documenting the existence of Kamehameha’s descendants/ heirs.
The first example is the basis of my book Kaoleioku: Kamehameha’s Oldest Son, His Descendants and Heirs (2003) by Amelia Gora :
Notes:
Kaoleioku was Kamehameha’s Oldest Son. He died in 1818 or before Kamehameha’s death in 1819.
The Russians recorded some of our ancestor’s information in their ship logs.
Out of the files at the Archives, Honolulu, Oahu – note the reference at the top right:
‘Kaoleioku had four (4) children’………
Notes:
1) Pauahi – mother of Ruth Keelikolani;
2) Hanuna – father of Kapule (k); Kini (w); Hookahe (w); and Poohina (w);
3) Keola – father of Alenoho (k) et. als.
4) Konia – mother of Bernice Pauahi
‘Bernice Pauahi was claimed to be the last of the Kamehameha’s…………’ which is an absolute LIE!
Many of his descendants have been defrauded over time……..this is also evidence of genocide…….by pirates, racketeers, criminal deviance perpetuated over time.
EXHIBIT No. 2
This document comes out of the Bureau of Conveyances:
This document shows Mataio Kekuanaoa/Kekuanaoa with one of his wives, along with relative Keaka who were the heirs of Ahia (w).
Mataio Kekuanaoa/Kekuanaoa was the father of Paalua (k); Ruth Keelikolani (w); Moses Kaikioewa; David Kamehameha; Lot Kamehameha/Kamehameha V; Alexander Liholiho/Kamehameha IV; Victoria Kamamalu; hanai: Bernice Pauahi; E.N. Kaaua; Enoka/Enosa; Keloha (w); Alenoho (k); Kapehe (w); Kapau (k); John Kapena (k); Sam Kapena; Ialua/Kalua (k); Nalua (w); Kala (k), et. als.
This document shows that One of Kekuanaoa/Mataio Kekuanaoa’s wives included
Kalima (w).
Kalima (w) died about five (5)+ years AFTER Mataio Kekuanaoa.
On this document /Liber 19 page 175, Note that the grantee of the land was a treasonous person Clarence Judd, and notice the witness was another treasonous person named Albert Francis Judd.
Clarence and Albert Francis Judd were the sons of early GENOCIDE LEADER Parmele Judd.
Gerrit Parmele Judd withheld the smallpox vaccine from our kanaka maoli and many dropped like flies, many died. Gerrit Parmele Judd vaccinated only haoles and a few Hawaiians/ kanaka maoli. Gerrit Parmele Judd advertised in the U.S. that he had an abundant supply of arsenic in the Hawaiian Islands.
Arsenic has been dusted freely on the research documents at the Archives and the Bureau of Conveyances……………..so be sure to wash your hands before you eat!
You wouldn’t want to die like our Kamehameha families did in the past would you?
The entity State of Hawaii had passed a law preventing the testing of our Sovereigns…..no what’s up with that?
aloha.
p.s. will be bringing out my books again soon……….UH Manoa Bookstore; Chaminade University of Honolulu; some of the bookstores carried some of them previously.
**************************************************
Tane Permalink Reply by Tane 16 hours ago
One cannot forget U.S. Secretary of State, James L. Blaine who is an integral part of these actions. He was part of the executive branch of a couple of presidential terms prior to the invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom and very much a player in these seditious acts. He even made a couple of failed bids for president and was reprimanded by Congress for some of his unethical practices. He had great influence in the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. and helped orchestrated the invasion and takeover of the Hawaiian Kingdom with the help of his dear friend, John L. Stevens and the President Harrison. The U.S. government was very-well aware of the conspiracy and cautioned participants from setting international precedent that would blemish the reputation of the U.S. and play-down its involvement in its criminal activities.
Tane

***************************************************** Versus

The entity State of Hawaii/Pirates/Parasites in Paradise

PARASITES IN PARADISE – MASONS/FREEMASONS, American Missionaries/Mercenaries,  et. als. in the Hawaiian Kingdom
>
> A Overview of research by Chris Roses, Amelia Gora, et. als. -
> review by Amelia
Kuulei Gora, one of Kamehameha’s, et. als. descendants, a Royal person not subject to the laws (2007), a living human being with Sovereign Immunities (revisions 2010)
>
>
>
> The following is a different view of history. It is from the
eyes of researchers, focusing on Masonry/Freemasonry and their activities in Hawaii.
>
> The main researcher in this article is Chris Roses, who is a long
time history, legal researcher who befriended many kanaka
maoli/aboriginal Hawaiians in Hawaii. His research focus was on the
bankers, the Masons and Freemasons. He has helped many kanaka maoli
in their court cases and has been a helpful guide for some.
>
> Chris Roses has an interesting background including having
friends in Waco, Texas.
> He’s a very private person. He’s a teacher, a philosopher, a
truth seeker.
>
> Chris Roses work proves that Masons/Freemasons are indeed ‘set in
place to break down Monarchy governments worldwide’.
>
>
>
> The Masons/Freemasons focus validates that Hawaii’s history does
indeed affect the World today.
>
>
> Hawaii’s Chronological History with a focus on Masons/Freemasons:
>
>
> 1778 – Mason Captain James Cook claimed he discovered the
Sandwich Islands.
> – “Masonry came to, sovereign territory, the Kingdom
of Hawaii, …Captain James Cook, …member of the Grand Lodge of
England, discovered the islands January 18, 1778, naming them the
Sandwich Islands after his patron, the Earl of Sandwich, also of the
Grand Lodge of England. Others followed and settled…”
>
>
>
> 1810 – Tamehameha formed a Monarchy Government.
>
> 1822 – Secret Treaty of Verona signed by Austria, France,
Prussia, Russia supported by the Vatican, Great Britain and the U.S.
>
>
> 1826 – Oct. 5 – a 299-year lease was claimed to have been made
to Richard Charlton, British subject, and signed by
Karaimoku/Kalanimok u, brother of Boki, Keoua, etals.
>
> Note: Karaimoku was married to Akahi (our
> ancestor). Karaimoku’s kaikaina/ younger sibling
> was Keoua (k) (our ancestor) whose son Luluhiwalani (k)
> married Kalola (w). His son was A.Z. Kahekili/
> Kahekili/Alapai and his stepchildren were Kaaha/ Kamaile’s (k)
> sons Kuluwailehua (k) and Hiram Kahanawai (k), and hanai/
> adopted daughters were: Kamamalu (w) who married Liholiho/
> Kamehameha II; and, Kapapoko/Kapooloku/ Abigail/Kapooloh u/
> Poomaikelani/ Princess Poomaikelani who married Ioba aka’s,
> son of AZ Kahekili aka’s, JWE Maikai, Kuluwailehua,
> Hiram Kahanawai Kaaha, Kekai/Kekoi, Mana, etals.
>
> Kapapoko/Kapooloku/ Abigail/Kapooloh u/ Poomaikelani/ Princess
Poomaikelani’ s children were:
> Samuel, Alapai (w), Luisa/Luika (w), Haili (w), and her
> stepchildren: Liliana (w), Abraham Kekai, and a hanai/
> foster son, a nephew.
>
>
> Karaimoku’s last wife was Akahi (w) who married Kikau/Kapukui/
> Kikaukapu/Pukui/ Kapukui (k) and had Nahuina (k). Nahuina (k)
> married Kaili/Kamaliiwahine /Kailihou( w) and had Kaluakini (k)
who
> married Haili (w), the daughter of Princess Poomaikelani.
>
> Akahi (w) also married Kahope (k); Waha/Wahawela/ Wahahee (k);
> Kaiama/Kaaua (k); Kepaa (k), etals.
>
> Kaluakini (k) and Haili (w) had six (6) children who they
transferred
> their interest to before going to the leper colony, a penal
colony.
>
> Kalola (w) was the documented heir of Bernice Pauahi Bishop.
> Bernice Pauahi Bishop’s, haole husband was Charles Reed Bishop,
> PIRATE OF THE PACIFIC, banker, investor, early spy in Hawaii, who
> was also a Mason/Freemason. Bishop had only a life interest
> in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate which he deeded over
> to the trustees during the Kingdom of Hawaii.
>
> The Trustees along with the PIRATE OF THE PACIFIC Charles
> Reed Bishop were conspirators, treasonous to the Royal families,
> the Hawaiian Kingdom/Kingdom of Hawaii/government, the Queen,
> the subjects- most of whom were kanaka maoli/aboriginal
> Hawaiians.
>
> The Trustees to this day are riding on FRAUDULENT, criminal
> claims, conspiracies, conspirator/ Terrorist acts, deeds,
transactions
> without legal authority nor granted authority.
>
> The Trustees are documented criminals because the bloodlines
> of Kamehameha’s, Queen Liliuokalani’ s, etals. families exist and
> have evidence of the conspiracies at work with PIRATES Charles
> Reed Bishop, Sanford B. Dole, Lorrin Thurston, etals. in
collusion,
> supported by nations who breached the Law of Nations, the U.S.,
> Great Britain (with France), Germany, etals.
>
> All of the Trustees are no different from car thieves, and
> appear to have the same status as War criminals due to their
> actions resulted in the financing/funding of WARS by
> bankrupt nations (U.S., Great Britain, France, etals.) at our
> families expense over time.
>
> Reference: Foreign Register Volume 2, page
> 115-117, Archives, Oahu, Hawaii; history research,
> genealogy research, etc.
>
>
> 1840 – December 26. Richard Charlton, subject of
> the Brittanic Majesty transferred his interest to John
> Dominis
>
> Reference: Foreign Register, Volume 2, page
> 115-117, Archives, Oahu, Hawaii
>
> Gerrit Parmele Judd questioned
> Kalanimoku’s signature.
>
> Reference: Foreign Testimony Volume 2, pages
> 257-259, Archives, Oahu, Hawaii
>
> 1843 – “on the barque and ax, Monsieur F. Le Leldier 18
degree Master, out of be Hovre France, early in 1843…second with an
open dispensation from The Supreme Council of France, organized Lodge
Leprogres de’l'Oceanie No. 124 in the Captains quarters on his
whaling ship in Honolulu Harbor April, 1843…armed with an open
dispensation from The Supreme Council of France, organized Lodge Le
Progres de’l'Oceanie no. 124 in the Captains quarters on his whaling
ship in Honolulu Harbor, April 1843. The Lodge opened upon the
Entered Apprentice degrees”…chiefly (?) in whaling and sandalwood
running and merchants who applied the needs of the ships. Among them
such as these he Tellier Amod this first masonic organizers, all
members of Lodges elsewhere,”
>
> “From the beginning the understanding between the blue
lodges and teh Scottish Rite was exemplification of the best in
masonry. This was also true of relations with the York Rites Bodies,
older brothers in the islands.”
>
> “So Captains Cook and Vancouver were both of the York
Rite, as was is the Earl of Sandwich. Le Tellier began the Scottish
Rite in Hawaii from the chartering A Lodge le Progres in 1843 by the
Supreme Council of France to the chartering of the Honolulu Bodies in
1874… (From ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SCOTTISH RITE MASONRY IN HAWAII,
1874-1974.
>
> “So the Mason were here “first”, then the Masonic Roman
Catholic Church and then the Missionary Protestants of 1820, orders
of Masonry.”
>
> “The Sandwich Islands “upon the International Law of,
Principle of Discovery, became the first step in the “apparent take
over” – “over throw” of the kanaka Islands: Since the Earl of
Sandwich was – is a York Mason, Cook assigned, to his name -
Masonically, the New ruler ship government at over the Islands.
>
> “Also Cook was under license contract as agent for the
King of England, and the Prince of Wales, both York and Scottish Rite
Masons. “The Prince of Wales,” Grandmaster “mason…Freemasonr y of
the world” (p 161-162) HAWAII’S STORY BY HAWAII’S QUEEN.
>
> 1859 – Richard Charlton, British subject deeded lease lands to
John Dominis, Mason, citizen of the U.S.
>
> Reference: Liber 12 page 163, Bureau of
> Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
>
> 1873 – “In testimony whereof, in the Gr. Orient aforesaid in the
first day of September 1873 V.E. The Sovereign Grand Commander doth
set his hand after the seal of his Arms of Office and doth cause the
Great Seal of the Supreme Council to be here take affixed, and thes
presents to be undersigned by the Secretary General and the Grand
Chancellor of the Holy Empire”.
>
> Albert Pike, 33
degree Sr. Gr. Commander
> Albert G. Mackey
33 degree Sr. Gen, H.E.
> Henry Buish
> Gr. Chancellor, HE.
> To E. Sgr. John O. Dominis
>
> ….To organize 2d establish and install bods in the Sandwich
Islands (P.5) One hundred years….
>
> When John Owen Dominis was a Knight in the Scottish Rite, while
also an early member at the Sandwich Island York Rite, early days,
and by the time of 1891, John Owen Dominis was a 33 degree Mason.
>
> 1847 – Mrs. John Dominis claimed title through
> husband.
>
> 1865 – Kamehameha V, in April 11, 1865 established the Order of
Kamehameha I”….shortly after – several persons, among them Charles
Reed Bishop were apopointed Grand Council, oder of Kamehameha V. The
Grand Council and ExecutiveCouncil were the media through which
Kamehameha V and the succeeding rulers were to announce their
appointments and …. procedures of the Order”. (Masonic Government
Within the Shell of a “Constitutional Monarchy”)
>
> 1873 – John Owen Dominis begins to structure the Scottish Rite
in the Sandwich Islands, selecting, “fourteen” Masons from those
already on the Islands to be the First formal bodies of the Ancient
and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, in these Islands, and the
Pacific…” (P.7) ONE HUNDRED YEARS. Remember Captain Cook first
landed int he South Pacific Islands. Discovering and (?) then under
The York Rite Mason in c Lineage and the (?) offspring – England>
Great Britain under the King in Commerce.
>
> 1874 – Charles Reed Bishop promoted to Knight Grand Cross, Order
of Kamehameha V. The Grand Council and Executive Council were the
media through which Kamehameha V and the succeeding rulers were to
announce their appointments.
>
> John Owen Dominis then selected from the Masons to begin. A few
names:
>
> Sir Kt. A. Francis Judd
> Sir K. John S. McGrew
> Bro. David Kalaua
> Bro. Wm L. Wilcox (p.7, 10) ONE HUNDRED
YEARS…”
> in “coming as it does from the parent Masonic Bodies of the
World” (p.7, ibid)
>
> “Legate and deputy, Pitkin C. Wright arrives in Honolulu, 1874 to
begin with John Owen Dominis and David Kalakaua to structure the
Scottish Rite.”
>
> “Per Order of Ill. Su. Pitk – C. Wright KCCH Gen Representative
and legate at the Sup. Council of the 33 degree for the Southern
Jurisdiction of the United States of America…” meeting July 15th,
1874, Honolulu (p. 5) – Same Ref: and in Relation to the Grand Ridge
of the District of Columbia” (p.2, same ref.)
>
> So here we see John Owen Dominis, David Kalakaua, A. Francis
Judd, and John S. McGrew as members of the earliest First Scottish
Rite Mason Lodges in Honolulu, and see former York Rite Masons on p.
9 of the Court document specifically point out the Honorable A.
Francis Judd (first name is Albert) who was a
>
> 2nd Asst Attorney General Jan 13, 1873 – Oct. 17, 1874.
> Justice Feb. 18m, 1874 – Feb. 1, 1887,
> Promoted First Associate; Feb. 1, 1877 – Nov. 5, 1881
> Promoted Chief Justice; Nov. 5, 1881 – May 20, 1900 district
office, (Digest of the Decision of the Supreme Court of Honolulu -
Volume 1…1916, P. viii, ix, xiv)
>
> * A. Francis Judd and Kalakaua, because the former was the real
organizer of the Scottish Rite in Hawaii…during the Dominion record.
>
> * Archibald Scott Cleghorn,Governor of Oahu, brother in law of
King Kalakaua, Father of Princess Victoria Kaiulani,
>
> *Abraham Fornancer, historian, author, master Hawaiian lodge No.
21, 1864,
>
> *Charles Thomas Gulic, Minister of Interior
>
> *A. Francis Judd, Justice of the Supreme Court; Master Hawaiian
lodge No. 1 1870-1891
>
> *Alexandere McDuff – Police official 1869-1870
>
> *Samuel Parker, cattle ranch, Hawaiian Island, Foreign Ministry
under Queen Liliuokalani
>
> *Frederick August Schaefer, sugar(?) dean of the Consular Corps
(also consul to Italy under Queen Liliuokalani)
>
> *William Luther Wilcox, Hawaiian Interpreter to the Supreme Court
and Judge, ref p.27, ONE HUNDRED YEARS>>>)
>
> A. Francis Judd was also the first witness to give testimony
against Queen Liliuokalani in her trial (ref HAWAII’S STORY, by Queen
Liliuokalani)
>
> “Together with civilization, the whites would also bring
Christianity to the Indians. A tight partnership between the
government and missionary societies to promote the goal lasted
throughout the nineteenth century.
>
> The annual “Civilization Fund appropriately by Congress beginning
in 1819 – for Indian education, for example, was not spent directly
by the (U.S.) government but was divided among the missionary groups
working with the Indian tribes…Jeremiah Evarts, Secretary of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions…The removal
set, signed by Jackson, 28th May 1830″ – Ref: Encyclopedia of
American Political History.
>
> “The American Missionary Companyh’s (some of the names), Third
Company, Arrived March 30, 1828, aboard ship “Parthian”.
>
> Dr. Gerritt P. Judd and wife, Rev. Peter Gulick and wife, etc.
Rev. Lorrin Andres and wife…
>
> Fifth Company, Rev. Richard Armstrong and wife, etc. (arrived May
17, 1832 – ship “AVERICK:)
>
> Eighth Company – Samuel N. Castle and wife, Amos S. cooke and
wife, etc. (around April 9, 1837 – ship “Mary Frazier”)
>
> Ninth Company – Rev. Daniel Dole and wife, and William H. Rice
and wife, arrived May 21, 1841 – ship “Gloucester” )
>
> First Company – Rev. Asa Thurston and wife (Ref – The Story of
Hawaii and Its Builders”, p. 46)
>
> Rev. Daniel Dole, taught at Punahou College, is father of Sanford
B. Dole.
>
> Dr. Gerritt Judd was father of A. Francis Judd’s.
>
> Rev. Asa Thurston links to Lorrin Andrews Thurston.
>
> Rev. Lorrin Andrews – Attorney General Feb. 1, 1903-1905; 1st
Assistant Justice, Jan. 10, 1848 thru August – Supreme Court of
Hawaii, 1916).
>
> “…They soon resigned their meagre salaries from the American
Board of Commissioners American Foreign Missions, and found positions
in the council or cabinets of the Kamehameha’s more lucrative and
because it was more satisfactory to them” (Ref. Hawaii’s Story by
Queen Liliuokalani, p.232)
>
> “The Hawaiian Kings….had acquiesced in the course laid down and
then by the missionaries, the government established by these prime
adventureers was the government of the day (same ref. P. 232).
>
> “I remember that when G.P. Judd, W. Richards and R. Armstrong
were cabinet members, a deficiency so inexplicable occurred that the
cabinet was required to resign immediately. ..” (same Ref. p. 233.)
>
> Abraham Fornander, May 1t5, 1864 – Feb, 1865, 2nd Circuit Court -
Islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Kahoolawe May 123-1871 – Dec 27,
1886 Fourth Associate Justice 1886 – Nov 1, 1887.
>
> Sanford B. Dole “born on April 23, 1844 at Punahou, Honolulu,
Hawaii “the son of Daniel and Protestant Missionary and
educator…educated in Missionary Schools and Punahou, Koloa and
Oahu…1866 to 1868..others Williams College in Massachusetts and
studies had in the Boston Office of William and Brigham (Another Ref.
says “in Wash.D.C”). Passed the Massachusetts bar in September
1868…Returned to Honolulu, begin Priv, Paradise, edited “Planter’s
Monthly”…elected Hawaiian Legislation in 1884 and 1886. One of
evidence of the Revolution group which free King Kalakaua to grant a
new Constitution that reduced his Monarchy’s rights. (lead reform
party and author of the Constitution) . Dec. 1887 (?) Associate
Justice of the Hawaiian Supreme Court (Ref: Biographical directory
of American Territorial Governors)
>
> Dec. 28, 1887 – April 29, 1890 – promoted third Associate
> April 29, 1890 – April 11, 1892 – Promoted Second Associate
> April 11, 1892 – Jan 17, 1893 – Resigned
> (Ref: A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Hawaii,
1916)
>
> The First person to pay his respects to Her Majesty when she
arrived in Washington was the Honorable Daniel Nash Morgan, treasurer
of the United States who was himself a Mason of high degree. He
having noticed the Jewel the Ystic Shrine which the AQueen always
wore, she told him its history. It had been presented to her by
General Powell a high official of the Mystic Shrine. He told her, as
he pinned it on her with a blessing that should she ever find herself
in difficulties she would find it of great assistance to her…She
had witnessed the inauguration of President William McKinley also.
Evidence of Modern day Masonic Idolitry and foretelling her future
(?) Mason (?))
>
> The Queen’s husband, John Owen Dominis, was a Mason of the thirty
third degree…accompanie d…Queen Kapiolani and his wife, Princess
Liliuokalani to England at the time of the Jubilee of Queen
Victoria…ten thousand Masons…He was honored with a seat which was
third from the right of the Grand Masters at the Freemasonry of the
World, H.R.H. Prince of Wales (His Royal Highness)… Queen
Liliuokalani always held the Mason Order in the highest esteem…
(such an honring was a way of rewarding a Mason for Masonic work, his
Masonic work in the “Kingdom of Hawaii of Free Masonry, with his work
with King Kalakaua.
>
> The Jubilee was three months prior to Revolution of 1887 -
forcing the Bayonnet Constitution (see Hawaii’s Story by Queen
Liliuokalani) .
>
> The Masonics Way of foretelling a future event…her Majesty
always wore her jewel at the Mystic Shrine presented to her by
General Powell…he assured her that, in wearing it, she would be
protected in time of difficulty. It was, therefore, a great
dissapointment to Queen Liliuokalani that Sanford Dole had allowed
himself to be drawn into the Provisional Government movement since,
once soon after the death of her husband (August 27, 1891), Governor
Dominis, Sanford Dole had come to her, consoling her withthe
assuarance that, as a brother Mason of her husband, he would protect
her in time of need, according to the Masonic Pledge.” (Ref: I KNEW
QUEEN LILIUOKALANI by Bernice Piilani Irwin, p. 57 and 60-61)
>
> Herein is the first bit of evidence linking Sanford Ballard Dole
with Masonry in the period. Such evidence Dowmen & (?) isand in the
text in “ONE HUNDRED YEARAS OF SCOTTISH RITE MASONRY IN HAWAII”.
>
> The Masons have kept it SECRET. He knew what was to occur before
very long; his statement is evidence of such, why else would he give
her the Masonic pledge, like a “Kiss of Death” amongst secret
societies, e. “the Mafia”.
>
> Another note: “Under which President was “the Hon. Daniel Nash
Morgan, Treasure of the United States” is now unknown since his name
is not under the Secretary of the Treasury an either Harrison,
Cleveland or McKinley. Also, The Treasury of the United States
differs from the Department of the Treasury of the United States.
>
> The Treasury Department of the U.S. is with the Federal Reserve
Bank, a private corporation, began in the 1830′s under President Van
Buren is the predecessor to the Federal Reserve Bank, since the
Termination of the 2nd Bank of the U.S. by Andrew Jackson.
>
> Lorrin Andrews Thurston, Acting Attorney General of Hawaii -
November 22, 1889 – Born in Honolulu July 31, 1858, son of Asa G. and
Sarah (Andrews) Thurston – a Lawyer. (Ref: A Digest MEN OF HAWAII.a
Leader in Committee of Thirteen.
>
> Henry Ernest Cooper – 33 degrees Third Deputy, (?) of Hawaii in
1889 age 32 migrated(?) to the Kingdom of Hawaii. Judge First
Circuit Court (March) 1893 – 1895 Minister of Foreign Affairs (Rep of
Hawaii) 1895-1899, Acting President of Republic of Hawaii, and part
of 1898 Minister of Public Instruction 1896-1899, Attorney General of
Republic of Hawaii 1899, Minister of Finance 1899, President Board of
Health q1899, and First Secretary Territory of Hawaii 1900, (Ref:
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF GOVERNMENT in Hawaii pg. 33) First Circuit
Court – 1st Judge March 22, 1910 – March 7, 1914. (Ref: Digest -
Supremet Ct. of Hawaii – 1916).
>
> “…the Cooper Regime an unusually larger number of blue lodge
members applied for the degrees of the Rite. Among these were
leaders in business, the professions and government as will go the
order,” (i.e) Wallace Rider Farrington” (p.34, 100 YEARS…HAWAII)
>
> Sixth Governor of the Territory of Hawaii – 1921-1925, 1925 -
Reappointed by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge. (p. 46 – The Story of
Hawaii and its Builders)
>
> “Henry Ernest Cooper member of the “Committee of Safety” -
“Committee of Thirteen and Chairman”
>
> Ames S. McCandless former Imperial (?) with the Ancient Arabic
Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine of North America.
>
> King Kalakaua, through Samuel G. Wilder, then Minister of the
Interior, in San Francisco, 1880, brought McCandless to the islands
the same year…Imperial (?) and etc. at the Convention in Washington
D.C. June 1923, when the late President of the United States, Noble
Warren G. Harding, took active part in the ceremonies. (Ref. Story
of Hawaii and its Builders, pg. t622-23)
>
> John A. McCandless – capitalist. The leader of Mary of
theForjest Business enterprises of Hawaii – a member of the Committee
of Thirteen, Brother of James S. McCandless 1894 – 1898 members of
the Senates (Republic of Hawaii), came to Honolulu in 1881 is a Mason
and a Shriner. Founded his fortune in Hawaii 1877…” (same ref. pg.
624-25)
>
> “Lincoln Loy McCandless …arrival in Hawaii in 1882 to team with
his two brothers..A. ..court held in the Territory and Senate 1903,
then established the right ….prove title to their holdings (etc.).
(same refs)
>
> In the Cabinet Samuel Parker and Cornwell were holding out
against Peterson…Colburn refusing to capitulate with the Queen’s
consent, the following mere were to consider the situations:
>
> A.A. Schaefer, Jo Carter, Sm Damon, W.M. Gifford, SC. Allen, E.C.
MacFarlane,” (Evidence Ref “BETRAYAL OF LILIUOKALANI, pg. 287) Names
with under line are Masons) FA Schaefer arrived 1857 . worked – (MEN
OF HAWAII).
>
> Charles J McCarthy – Governor Territory of Hawaii, 1918 – 19231
appointed by President Woodrow Wilson June 22, 1918 …member of
Knights of Pythias.Assistant Supreme, Chancellor, I.O.O.F, Past
Grand, Fraternal Order of Eagles, Past; B.P.O.E., past exalted ruler-
Honolulu, 1881 March, arrival. He was a member of the House of
Nobles, Kingdom of Hawaii, 1890; August legislature 1892.) Senator,
Territorial legislature 1907 – 11 (etc.), (Ref. Evidence, MEN OF
HAWAII, p. 277.)
>
> Woodrow Wilson, 1932, Accept order of the White Eagle, to
establish government; 1921, Admittance to Bar, Washington, D.C., and
New York City (Ref: Biography of Presidents)
>
> Castle, George – Pamell, Financier and Philanthropist, second
generation of Castle family in Hawaii. Active in the change of
government from a Monarchy to an American Territory;.. .father is
Samuel N. Castle…during the revolution in 1893; WCastle was a
member of the Honolulu Rifles Association and of the Citizens
Guard…Advisory Council…Rep of Hawaii…Active member of the
Hawaiian Board of Mission and a member of Excelsior Lodge, I.O.O.F,
(mason) (Ref: Evidence MEN OF HAWAII, p. 127)
>
>
> Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Grover Cleveland (one of 11
Presidents who were members of “Phi Beta Kappa”.
>
> Martin Van Buren, President, 1837-1841, March 3rd. Dutch. Dutch
Reform Church; submitted to Bar, New York City, Nov. 1803, 1825, Gov
of New York; third of 11 Presidents who were members of Phi Beta
Kapa; Appointed Minister to Great Britain, June 25, 1831. Received
by William at Windsor Castle, then France, Germany and Netherlands;
> September 4, 1837 suggested investigation be made of the
Independent Treasury on (?) Treasury plan; July 4, 1840 signed
independent Treasury Act, Sub Treasuries were established in New
York, Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, St. Louis, and
Washington D.C. (forerunner of the GED. Res. Bank) – lasted to 1913
when F.R. Act passed Congress, thus became a F.R. Bk) (from The Book
of Presidents) surfacing Masonic relations in Presidents is very
secret.
>
> Start with Queen Liliuokalani’ s name: according to researcher
Chris Roses, it is a Masonic name.
>
> Lili’u Kamaka’eha: (Liliuokalani) name given in birth September
2, 1838.
>
> born of Kapaakea – blood father Kapaakea and Keohokalole – blood
mother, named by Kinau: Full name: Liliu (?) Walania Kamakaeha.
> Liliu was baptized – “Lydia”, her Christian name (p. 40)
> Officially became “Lydia Paki”, adopted daughter of Paki and
Konia – hanai (pg. 40)
>
> The name “Liliuokalani” was “given” her by her brother “David
Kalakaua”, after, as elected King named her heir apparent in 1877 – a
name which she said in 1891 was “noname at all>” (pg.41) (Ref.Evid.
from “The Betrayal of Liliuokalani” by Helen G. Allen)
>
> 1856 – Hawaiian Lodge No. 21…From the beginning the
understanding between The blue Lodges and the Scottish Rite
wasexemplification. ..also true with the York Rite Bodies, old
brothers in the islands…since Damons, McDuff, Kalakaua and others
were the organizers of those bodies…(p. 19, Evid – 100 hundred
years).
>
> So David Kalakaua was a Mason long before becoming King and
giving his blood sister Liliu Kamakaeha -kanaka lineage name The
Masonic longer name upon becoming heir to the throne – Princess
Liliuokalani in 1877.
>
> Each step was a step away from the original lineage and hanai
adoption to the Westerm system of heritage. What does change of name
mean in law – Western wise – or even Hawaiian wise-as “property”
goes? Who has Title? The Masons – “Free Mason” – “Entitlement” to
what?
>
> Note and comments: What does “brotherhood” mean when in reality
it is not blood brother? It appears the intent to maneuver claims,
or access to Masonic connections. Research incomplete.
>
>
> Queen Liliuokalani seems to never have openly said she is a Free
Mason; but she married a Mason, accepted all of the Masonic
courtesy’s – benefit, and privileges – without context and protest.
However “…Mr. Josepa Kahoohihi Nawahi of Kalaniopuu.. .was twenty
years a legislator.. .withy Mr. William White…maintained a strict
fidelity to the wishes of the people by whom (they) had been
elected. The two Patriots “never compromised principles;. ..the true
patriotism and one of country of these men had been recognized by me,
and I had decorated them with the order of Knight Commander of
Kalakaua” (p. 300, Hawaii’s Story by Queen Liliuokalani) , Queen
Liliuokalani could decorate them Masonically only, if she had been a
Mason for the decoration to have meaning – “Validity” otherwise its
an empty gesture; The vesting of such authority to confer decorations
in Orders items (?) a Grant of Privilege from another 33 degree
Mason – such as King Kalakaua was prior to his “death”
> from the Grand Sovereign Commander – Albert Pike; and King
Kalakaua could only so act if he had been “given”such authority by
Pike; So one sees that Queen Liliuokalani was a Free Mason, but
unwilling to openly state so – lived in private, secrecy not so;
which is typical for a “Free Mason”. So then who “created the
Semblance of Acquisition of Adverse Possession” by unconsionable
consent to the “Sandwich Islands”? Does each change in name give
rise to a change not only in sgtatus, but also “Title Holder” -
“giver”?
>
> “David Kalakaua”. In Queen Liliuokalani’ s Genealogy (P. 399 -
Hawaii Story by Queen Liliuokalani) She uses the names “Kalakaua”
and “Liliuokalani” as blood sister of “Kapaakea” and “Keohokalole” .
>
> However, Keohokalole daughters name is Liliu Loloku Walania
Kamakaeha” and not “Liliuokalani” ; So what was David – non-Masonic-
non-Christian- Name (Keoni Kapu). Such, if true, one can conclude
that “David” is the Christian name, Like “Lydia” (Paki) for Queen
Liliuokalani given prior to entry into the “Royal School” run by the
Cookes; and Kalakaua is either the hanai name, God/ or the Masonic
Name and Title, heir of Masonic Curtesy’s status, etc. allegiance,
and therefore not of “blood lineage” any longer, even if “David” had
been the name in the beginning, unless David Kalakaua explicitly so
states otherwise, in the record’s somewhere.
>
> King Kalakaua’s wife was known as “Madame Namakeha” after she
married Free Mason King Kalakaua.
>
> Editors note and comments: “Madame Namakeha” also known as Queen
Kapiolani was the sister of Princess Poomaikelani and Princess
Kinoike.
>
> Queen Kapiolani was the hanai/adopted daughter of Kaluakini (k),
husband of Kaakau (w);
> Kaanana (w); Kawahineahanui (w); and Haili/Kaili/ Kalama (w) the
daughter of Princess
> Poomaikelani.
>
> Queen Kapiolani was the hanai/adopted sister of Kaluakini’s
children, including Elizabeth
> Kaimiola Kaluakini who married Joseph Gora, son of Matsugoro
Takeshita/Joe Jap aka’s
> and Hawaiian descendant Maria,(Kamehameha School student in 1910.)
>
> Queen Kapiolani and Princess Liliuokalani went to Great Britain-
England to Queen Victorias Jubilee and was given Masonic honors and
courtesy’s just prior to “The Bayonnet Constitution” Revolution.
>
> John Owen Dominis husband of Princess Liliuokalani was a 33
degree Mason. He was given the highest honors Masonically by the
Prince of Wales, Grand Master Mason in the World.
>
> The following are documented Masons:
>
> 1. Wm. C. Parke
> 2. Archibald Cleghorn – brother in law of King Kalakaua and
Princess Liliuokalani
> 3. Abraham Fornander
> 4. Charles Thomas Gulick
> 5. Albert Franciss Judd
> 6. Alexander McDuff
> 7. Samuel Parker
> 8. Frederick Shaefer
> 9. William Luther Wilcox
>
> “David Kalakaua, Liliu’s blood brother (p.47) “same parents”
Kapaakea and Keohokalole (p. 15) and yet, it has been said
that “neither by birth nor hanai did he (David Kalakaua) qualify as a
Kamehameha but neither did Lunalilo, although he was of lineal
descent. The Kalakaua (Keawe) line was not…but Kalakaua had
not …but Kalakaua had not been by birth nor by hanai, a
Kamehameha. It was a great obstacle to his succession” (p. 128, The
Betrayal of Liliuokalani) .
>
> editors notes and comments:
>
> King Lunalilo was an heir of the Kamehameha’s. His mother
Kekauluohi /Auhea was married to both Kamehameha I and Kamehameha
II. His mother descended from Kaheiheimalie and Kamehameha’s older
brother. His father was Charles Kanaina. Kekauluohi/Auhea had been
married to Kaheakulani before she married Charles Kanaina.
Kaheakulani descended from Puali who was close to Kamehameha I and II.
>
> There appears to be no disputes as to his assuming the role of
the King because he was the oldest of the widows of Kamehameha I and
Kamehameha II.
>
> Both King Kalakaua and Queen Liliuokalani were the children of
Keohokalole who was the hanai/adopted child of Nahuina (w), a
Kamehameha descendant.
>
> King Kalakaua’s children and Queen Liliuokalani’ s children
married into the Kamehameha families.
>
> So, the “brotherhood of Masons/Freemasons” was and was always
less than the status of the Royal families in Hawaii and elsewhere in
Monarchy/ Constitutional Monarchy governments.
>
> 1882 – D. W. Pauahi aka’s, son of Peke Davis and Keawe, stepson
of Kaeha/Kamakaeha/ Makaeha/Liliuokalan i/Queen Liliuokalani was
married to Wahinealoha (w).
>
> Wahinealoha (w) was the widow of John Booth, son of Joseph Booth,
whose family appears to have been a family of Masons/Freemasons:
>
> John Booth’s siblings were: Sarah A. Booth married to Henry
Berger.
> Grace Booth
> Alice Booth married to
James Dodd
> Emma C. Booth married
William Maertens
> Ida E. Booth married to
Enos Nordborg
> John Booth’s mother was Annie who remarried and became Annie Long.
>
> The witnesses: Sanford B. Dole
> William Maertens
> Emma C. Maertens
> Sarah A. Berger
> Henry Berger
>
> Editors note and comments:
>
> Sanford B. Dole was an attorney who appears to have had his claws
in the Royal families claims, associations, etc. and appears to have
been the PIRATE at work, and assuming the position of Provisional
government head.
>
> Sanford B. Dole was an attorney for DW Pauahi’s aka’s mother-in-
law Princess Poomaikelani as well.
>
> The Dodd name appears to be affiliated, executive of the Bank of
Hawaii, the Berger’s name became affiliated with Sears, Roebuck and
Company. Research incomplete.
Barack Obama’s grandmother is from the line of the Booth family, who also
claim to descend from Robert E. Lee, American Civil War General, and
descendants of the Royal family of England.
>
Wahinealoha (w) married to John Booth was heir to her husband, who was a
descendant and heir of Joseph Booth.  He was also related to Obama’s family.
Wahinealoha (w) married the hanai child of Peke Davis, daughter of Isaac Davis,
grandaughter of John Young, later adopted and was also the adopted daughter of
Kauikeouli/Kamehameha III.  His name was David Waihoioahu Keawe/Kalua opio.
His adopted father was D.W. Pauahi who was thrown into the penal colony, Kalaupapa, Molokai.  There are many land issues and the Booth’s family claims are highly
questionnable.  Research incomplete.
Also note that Barack Obama, George W. Bush, George Bush (Sr.), Sarah Palin (former
Presidential candidate from Alaska) are related with their roots going back to the Royal
families from England, etc.
> Reference: Liber 76 page 246-247, Bureau of Conveyances,
Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii; yahoo news (see Exhibit A below)
> 1888 – Kaluakini (k) and wife Haili/Kaili/ Kalama (w) gave their
six (6) children to his mother Kaili/Kamaliiwahine /Kekainui/ Kailihou
(w) and King Kalakaua’s son Kaopumomona/ Kaopu/ Kolomona Kaopumomona
(k).
>
> The four parties (Kaluakini (k), Haili/Kaili/ Kalama (w),
Kaili/Kamaliiwahine /Kekainui/ Kailihou (w), and
Kaopumomona/ Kaopu/Kolomona Kaopumomona (k) ) deeded all of their
interests to the six (6) children.
>
> Kaluakini (k) and wife Haili/Kaili/ Kalama (w) were sent to the
Leper Colony, Kalaupapa, Molokai. Haili/Kaili/ Kalama (w) was
a “kokua” a helper.
>
> Editors notes and comments:
>
> “kokua”, helpers were given the opportunity to remain with their
loved ones ONLY if they submitted to leprosy experimentation. Many
were innoculated with the leprosy disease, etc.
>
1892 – Premeditation to dethrone Queen Liliuokalani documented.
- General Schofield et. als. mapped, planned the takeover.
- Robert Wilcox and Volney Ashford tried to overthrow the Queen in 1892.  Wilcox had also tried to dethrone King David Kalakaua.  They were minimally punished.
- Benjamin Tracy in Makua with Lorrin Thurston
- The U.S. President/Benjamin Harrison sent secret mail to their contacts in the Hawaiian Islands who helped to dethrone the Queen in 1893
- Conspiring/treasonous persons including aboriginal Hawaiians were paid $50-$500 to assist the American treasonous persons
- Members of Queen Liliuokalani’s families helped the PG’s /Provisional Government players.
- Queen Kapiolani’s nephews Kuhio and Kawananakoa helped the PG’s/Provisional Government players.
- Dr. Mott Smith, Thomas Akaka et. als. were in Washington, D.C. planning the dethronement of Queen Liliuokalani in 1892
- Masons/Freemason arrived, held a parade, commemorated a building, and called Hawaii their “home city”
- Five men’s travel expenses to Washington, D.C. was approved by the 1892 Legislature, the funds were released on January 5, 1893 – the travel of the treasonous persons took place after they dethroned Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.
- Pearl Harbor Coaling Station article – gave standing orders by the President and Congress to take over.
>
> 1893 – Queen Liliuokalani wrongfully dethroned.
>
> She was “deposed”, “overthrown” by Mason Sanford
Ballard Dole.
>
> The Treasurer of the United States, D.N. Morgan:
>
> “one object at my visit to Washington was to ask a favor of the
Masonic fraternity.. .I sent a letter to Mr. Frederic Webber,
Secretary of the Supreme Council, (33 rd degree/thrity third degree,
as … him to call at my apartments, …….he had been one of the
thirteen masons of high degrees to call on the party of Queen
Kapiolani, at that committees of the Supreme Council, General Albert
Pike….was the head. (at which time she was given a Certificate to
call upon Masons the world over should the need arise for
assistance.) . Besides this, Mr. Webber was, during the lifetime of
Governor Dominis, in correspondence with ….about connected with the
order? (p. 343, Hawaii Story by Queen Liliuokalani)
> Queen Liliuokalani denied having signed
> a Trust deed.
>
> Reference: Lien/Affidavit/ Notice No. 96-177455
> filed on 12/17/96 (281 pages), Bureau of
> Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
>
> 1902 – D.W. Pauahi, stepson of Kaeha/Kamakaeha/ Makaeha/
> Queen Liliuokalani (married to Keawe who was married to Peke
> Davis, mother of D.W. Pauahi aka’s) married the granddaughter
> of Kaeha/Kamakaeha/ Makaeha/Queen Liliuokalani named Haili/
> Kaili/Kalama (w). She was the daughter of Princess Poomaikelani.
>
> Editors notes and comments:
>
> See above regarding attorney Sanford B. Dole, conspirator/ Pirate/
> terrorist/ usurper of Hawaii’s Queen, etc.
>
> 1912 – J.O. Dominis Deed “hereby release and quitclaim unto
> the said D.W. Pauahi, his heirs and assigns all my right,
> title and interest of in and to the lands, tenements and
> hereditaments in the within mortgage named and described”
> to D.W. Pauahi (reference made to Liber 47 page 66) filed at
> the Bureau of Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii with
> the date of January 16, 1897.
>
> 1917 – Queen Liliuokalani died.
>
> Criminal Trust, Americans failed to listen to
> Queen Liliuokalani’ s opposition. formed utilizing Queen
> Liliuokalani’ s funds.
>
> Prince Kuhio received an out-of-court settlement
> to his claim that Queen Liliuokalani did not sign a
> Trust.
>
> 1921 – May. “Title to historic old Washington
> Place, home of Queen Liliuokalani, late of the
> Hawaiian monarchs, today passed to the territorial
> government.”
>
> “Joseph Lightfoot, deputy attorney general, this
> morning presented to Circuit Judge Cornell S.
> Franklin the final order condemning the property for
> public purposes, and the judge signed it. Later the
> order was filed in the Office of Clerk Henry Smith,
> together with a receipt for $55,000, signed by the
> trustees of the Liliuokalani trust.”
>
> “The sum of $40,000 was appropriated by the
> legislature a few years ago for the purchase of the
> residence and land. Under a bill passed at the 1921
> session, the governor was authorized to pay out of
> his contingent fund the difference between $4-0,000
> and the figure that would be fixed by the court as
> the value of the property.”
>
> “Governor Charles J. McCarthy has been residing at
> Washington Place for some time, paying the rent
> himself. The recent legislature refunded this
> rental.”
>
> Editors notes and comments:
>
> Queen Liliuokalani has documented descendants/ heirs. She had
> maintained that she did sign a trust deed. She was under stress,
> duress, coercion, and usurpation along with the Royal families.
>
> 1993 – U.S. President Clinton signed Public Law
> 103-150 and admitted wrongdoing.
>
> 1996 – Lien/Affidavit/ Notice No. 96-177455 filed
> on 12/17/96 which includes Queen Liliuokalani’ s
> opposition to signing a Trust deed.
>
> 2005 – Lien/Affidavit/ Notice filed.
>
> 2007 – Lien/Affidavit/ Notice filed.
>
> 2007 – June 1. Friday – Eviction of entity Governor Linda Lingle,
etals. from Washington Place, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
>
> Descendants of Queen Liliuokalani exist, who are non-Masons/ non
Free Masons, but Royal persons who also happen to be descendants of
Kamehameha, Kalanimoku’s heirs through his wife Akahi and his younger
brother Luluhiwalani who was married to Kalola (w) the documented
first cousin of Bernice Pauahi Bishop married to PIRATE OF THE
PACIFIC Charles Reed Bishop, a Mason.
>
> Eviction of Military from our families lands due to the criminal
use of depleted uranium/DU weapons on Royal families properties,
private lands of Royal persons.
>
> 2125 -
> 299 year lease expires and reverts to the
> government, the Kingdom of Hawaii/ the claimed
> “Sandwich Islands”
>
> Note and Comments:
> With the U.S., Great Britain breach of the Law of Nations/Laws of
Nations, conspiracies supported by the U.S. for Sanford Ballard Dole,
etals. ALL MASONS/Masons/ Freemasons, the brief history above shows
further collusion efforts in an earnest effort to assume lands,
monies, wealth of Royal persons from a recognized Monarchy/Constituti
onal Monarchy government whose ancestors maintained a peaceful,
friendly nation, the first who passed anti-slavery laws in 1852
versus the U.S. who passed their in 1865.
>
> The true owners exist with documented evidence from historical,
genealogical, American Civil War, Masons/Free Masons, perspectives
due to the detailed research and assistance from researchers such as
Chris Roses, Wolfram Graetz, John Kaminski, Greg Palast, etals. in
the U.S. and the World.
>
> aloha.
>
> ************ ********* **
> Reprint of the Knights of Templar (Masons/Freemasons) article:
>
>
> Topic: YOUR MASONIC EMPIRE AMERIKKKA! topic by
> amelia gora
> (651 posts)
> Mililani, Hawaii,
> Kingdom of Hawaii
> 7/12/2007 (05:03) remove topic edit reply top
REVIEWING THE U.S. PRESIDENTS
>
> George Washington, 1789-1797
> John Adams, 1797-1801
> Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1809
> James Madison, 1809-1817
> James Monroe, 1817-1825
> John Quincy Adams, 1825-1829
> Andrew Jackson, 1829-1837
> Martin Van Buren, 1837-1841
> William Henry Harrison, 1841
> John Tyler, 1841-1845
> James Knox Polk, 1845-1849
> Zachary Taylor, 1849-1850
> Millard Fillmore, 1850-1853
> Franklin Pierce, 1853-1857
> James Buchanan, 1857-1861
> Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1865
> Andrew Johnson, 1865-1869
> Ulysses Simpson Grant, 1869-1877
> Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 1877-1881
> James Abram Garfield, 1881
> Chester Alan Arthur, 1881-1885
> Grover Cleveland, 1885-1889
> Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1893
> Grover Cleveland, 1893-1897
> William McKinley, 1897-1901
> Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909
> William Howard Taft, 1909-1913
> Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921
> Warren Gamaliel Harding, 1921-1923
> Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929
> Herbert Clark Hoover, 1929-1933
> Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1933-1945
> Harry S. Truman, 1945-1953
> Dwight David Eisenhower 1953-1961
> John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1961-1963
> Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1963-1969
> Richard Milhous Nixon, 1969-1974
> Gerald Rudolph Ford, 1974-1977
> James Earl Carter, Jr., 1977-1981
> Ronald Wilson Reagan, 1981-1989
> George Herbert Walker Bush, 1989-1993
> William Jefferson Clinton, 1993-2001
> George Walker Bush, 2001-
> ************ ********* ********* ********* ********* ********* **
> From the POLITICAL GRAVEYARD site/ http://politicalgra veyard.com
>
>
> U.S. President Abraham Lincoln -
>
> Note: A Mason/Freemason due to his Knights of Pythias membership,
and assumed Loyal Legion member.
>
> Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865) — also known as ‘Honest Abe’; ‘Old
Abe’; ‘The Rail-Splitter’ ; ‘The Illinois Baboon’ — of Illinois.
Born in a log cabin, Hardin County (part now in Larue County), Ky.,
February 12, 1809. Grandnephew by marriage of David Rittenhouse
Porter; married, November 4, 1842, to Mary Todd; married to the
sister-in-law of Ninian Wirt Edwards; married to the half-sister- in-
law of N. H. R. Dawson; father of Robert Todd Lincoln. Republican.
Served in the U.S. Army during the Black Hawk War; lawyer; member of
Illinois state house of representatives, 1834-41; U.S. Representative
from Illinois 7th District, 1847-49; candidate for Republican
nomination for Vice President, 1856; candidate for U.S. Senator from
Illinois, 1858; President of the United States, 1861-65; died in
office 1865. English ancestry. His election as president in 1860
precipitated the Civil War; determined to preserve the Union, he led
the North to victory on the battlefield, freed the
> slaves in the conquered states, and in doing this, redefined
American nationhood. Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in
Washington, D.C., April 14, 1865; died at Peterson’s Boarding House,
across the street, the following day, April 15, 1865. He was elected
to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1900. His portrait appears
on the U.S. penny (one cent coin) since 1909, and on the $5 bill
since 1913. From the 1860s until 1927, his portrait also appeared on
U.S. notes and certificates of various denominations from $1 to $500.
Interment at Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill. Lincoln counties
in Ark., Colo., Idaho, Kan., La., Minn., Miss., Mont., Neb., Nev.,
N.M., Okla., Ore., Wash., W.Va., Wis. and Wyo. are named for him.
> Cross-reference: Isham N. Haynie; William M. Stone; John Pitcher;
Stephen Miller; John T. Stuart; William H. Seward; Henry L. Burnett;
Judah P. Benjamin; Robert Toombs; Richard Taylor Jacob; Clement
Claiborne Clay, Jr.; George W. Jones; James Adams; John G. Nicolay
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Abraham Lincoln: David Herbert Donald, Lincoln; George
Anastaplo, Abraham Lincoln : A Constitutional Biography; G. S.
Boritt, ed., The Lincoln Enigma : The Changing Faces of an American
Icon; Albert J. Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln 1809-1858 (out of print);
Thomas DiLorenzo, The Real Lincoln : A New Look at Abraham Lincoln,
His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War; Geoffrey Perret, Lincoln’s War :
The Untold Story of America’s Greatest President as Commander in
Chief; David Herbert Donald, We Are Lincoln Men : Abraham Lincoln and
His Friends; Edward Steers, Jr., Blood on the Moon: The Assassination
of Abraham Lincoln; Mario Cuomo, Why Lincoln Matters : Today More
Than Ever; Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus : John Wilkes Booth
and the Lincoln Conspiracies; Karen Judson, Abraham Lincoln (for
young readers)
> Critical books about Abraham Lincoln: Thomas J. DiLorenzo, The Real
Lincoln : A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an
Unecessary War
> Fiction about Abraham Lincoln: Gore Vidal, Lincoln: A Novel
>
> U.S. President Andrew Johnson -
>
> Note: He was a member of Freemasons and Knights of Templar.
>
> Johnson, Andrew (1808-1875) — of Carthage, Moore County, N.C.;
Greeneville, Greene County, Tenn. Born in Raleigh, Wake County, N.C.,
December 29, 1808. Married, May 17, 1827, to Eliza McCardle; father-
in-law of David Trotter Patterson. Mayor of Greeneville, Tenn., 1830;
member of Tennessee state house of representatives, 1835; member of
Tennessee state senate, 1841; U.S. Representative from Tennessee 1st
District, 1843-53; Governor of Tennessee, 1853-57, 1862-65; U.S.
Senator from Tennessee, 1857-62, 1875; died in office 1875; Vice
President of the United States, 1865; President of the United States,
1865-69; candidate for Democratic nomination for President, 1868.
Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar. In 1868, was impeached by the
House of Representatives; tried and aquitted by the Senate, which
voted 35 to 19 (short of the required two-thirds) on three of the
eleven articles of impeachment. Died, after a series of strokes, at
his daughter’s home in Carter County, Tenn.,
> July 31, 1875. Interment at Andrew Johnson National Cemetery,
Greeneville, Tenn.
> Cross-reference: Edmund G. Ross; George T. Brown; Christopher G.
Memminger; Thomas Overton Moore
> See also: congressional biography.
> Books about Andrew Johnson: Hans Louis Trefousse, Andrew Johnson: A
Biography; Mary Malone, Andrew Johnson (for young readers)
> Critical books about Andrew Johnson: Nathan Miller, Star-Spangled
Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Ulysses Simpson Grant -
>
> Note: He was a Loyal Legion member.
>
> Grant, Ulysses Simpson (1822-1885) — also known as Ulysses S.
Grant; ‘Savior of the Union’; ‘Lion of Vicksburg’; ‘The Austerlitz of
American Politics’; ‘Unconditional Surrender Grant’; ‘The Galena
Tanner’; ‘The Silent Soldier’; ‘The Silent General’ — of Galena, Jo
Daviess County, Ill. Born in Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio,
April 27, 1822. Married, August 22, 1848, to Julia Boggs Dent; father
of Frederick Dent Grant. Republican. General in the Union Army during
the Civil War; President of the United States, 1869-77; candidate for
Republican nomination for President, 1880. Methodist. Scottish
ancestry. Member, Loyal Legion. Elected to the Hall of Fame for Great
Americans in 1900. His portrait appears on the U.S. $50 bill, and
also appeared on $1 and $5 silver certificates in 1887-1927. Died of
throat cancer, at Mt. McGregor, Saratoga County, N.Y., July 23, 1885.
Interment at General Grant Memorial, Manhattan, N.Y. Grant counties
in Ark., Kan., La., Minn., Neb.,
> N.M., N.Dak., Okla., Ore., S.Dak., Wash. and W.Va. are named for
him.
> Cross-reference: Horace Porter
> Books about Ulysses S. Grant: Jean Edward Smith, Grant; Frank J.
Scaturro, President Grant Reconsidered; William S. McFeely, Grant : A
Biography; William S. McFeely, Ulysses S. Grant: An Album: Warrior,
Husband, Traveler, Emancipator, Writer; Brooks D. Simpson, Ulysses S.
Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822-1865; Brooks D. Simpson, Let Us
Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and
Reconstruction, 1861-1868; James S. Brisbin, The campaign lives of
Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax (out of print); Josiah Bunting
III, Ulysses S. Grant; Michael Korda, Ulysses S. Grant : The Unlikely
Hero; Edward H. Bonekemper, A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S.
Grant’s Overlooked Military Genius
> Critical books about U.S. Grant: Nathan Miller, Star-Spangled Men :
America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Rutherford Birchard Hayes -
>
> Note: He was a Grand Army of the Republic; Loyal Legion; Odd
Fellows member.
>
> Hayes, Rutherford Birchard (1822-1893) — also known as Rutherford
B. Hayes; ‘Rutherfraud B. Hayes’; ‘His Fraudulency’ — of Ohio. Born
in Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio, October 4, 1822. Married,
December 30, 1852, to Lucy Ware Webb Hayes; father of Webb Cook
Hayes. Republican. Lawyer; general in the Union Army during the Civil
War; U.S. Representative from Ohio 2nd District, 1865-67; Governor of
Ohio, 1868-72, 1876-77; President of the United States, 1877-81.
Methodist. Scottish ancestry. Member, Grand Army of the Republic;
Loyal Legion; Odd Fellows. Stricken by a heart attack at the railroad
station in Cleveland, Ohio, and died that night in Fremont, Sandusky
County, Ohio, January 17, 1893. Original interment at Oakwood
Cemetery, Fremont, Ohio; reinterment in 1915 at Spiegel Grove,
Fremont, Ohio. Hayes County, Neb. is named for him.
> Cross-reference: Leopold Markbreit
> See also: congressional biography.
> Books about Rutherford B. Hayes: Ari Hoogenboom, Rutherford B.
Hayes: Warrior and President; Hans Trefousse, Rutherford B. Hayes:
1877 – 1881; William H. Rehnquist, Centennial Crisis : The Disputed
Election of 1876
>
> U.S. James Abram Garfield -
>
> Note: He was a member of Freemasons; Delta Upsilon.
>
> Garfield, James Abram (1831-1881) — also known as James A.
Garfield — of Hiram, Portage County, Ohio. Born in a log cabin near
Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November 19, 1831. Married, November
11, 1858, to Lucretia ‘Crete’ Rudolph; father of James Rudolph
Garfield. Republican. Lawyer; college professor; president, Eclectic
University (now Hiram College); member of Ohio state senate, 1859-61;
general in the Union Army during the Civil War; U.S. Representative
from Ohio 19th District, 1863-81; President of the United States,
1881; died in office 1881. Disciples of Christ. English ancestry.
Member, Freemasons; Delta Upsilon. His portrait appeared on the U.S.
$20 gold certificate in about 1898-1905. Shot by Charles J. Guiteau,
at the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C., July
2, 1881; died from the effects of the wound, in Elberon, Monmouth
County, N.J., September 19, 1881. Interment at Lake View Cemetery,
Cleveland, Ohio. Garfield counties in Colo.,
> Mont., Neb., Okla., Utah and Wash. are named for him.
> Cross-reference: William S. Maynard
> See also: congressional biography.
> Books about James A. Garfield: Allan Peskin, Garfield: A Biography;
Justus D. Doenecke, The Presidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester
A. Arthur
>
> U.S. President Chester Alan Arthur
>
> Note: He was a Loyal Legion; Psi Upsilon member.
>
> Arthur, Chester Alan (1829-1886) — also known as Chester A.
Arthur; ‘The Gentleman Boss’; ‘His Accidency’; ‘Elegant Arthur’; ‘Our
Chet’; ‘Dude President’ — of New York. Born in Fairfield, Franklin
County, Vt., October 5, 1829. Son of Rev. William Arthur and Malvina
(Stone) Arthur; married, October 25, 1859, to Ellen Lewis ‘Nell’
Herndon (died 1880). Republican. Lawyer; New York Republican state
chair, 1879-81; delegate to Republican National Convention from New
York, 1880; Vice President of the United States, 1881; President of
the United States, 1881-85; candidate for Republican nomination for
President, 1884. Episcopalian. Member, Loyal Legion; Psi Upsilon.
Died, of Bright’s disease, in New York, New York County, N.Y.,
November 18, 1886. Interment at Albany Rural Cemetery, Menands, N.Y.;
statue at Madison Square Park, Manhattan, N.Y. Arthur County, Neb. is
named for him.
> See also: congressional biography.
> Books about Chester A. Arthur: Thomas C. Reeves, Gentleman Boss :
The Life of Chester Alan Arthur; Justus D. Doenecke, The Presidencies
of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur; George Frederick Howe,
Chester A. Arthur, A Quarter-Century of Machine Politics; Zachary
Karabell, Chester Alan Arthur; Paul Joseph, Chester Arthur (for young
readers)
>
> U.S. President Grover Cleveland -
>
> Note: He was a Sigma Chi member.
>
> Cleveland, Stephen Grover (1837-1908) — also known as Grover
Cleveland; ‘Uncle Jumbo’; ‘The Veto Mayor’; ‘Grover The Good’; ‘The
Sage of Princeton’; ‘Dumb Prophet’; ‘Buffalo Hangman’; ‘The Veto
President’; ‘Beast of Buffalo’; ‘Big Steve’ — of Buffalo, Erie
County, N.Y.; Princeton, Mercer County, N.J.; Tamworth, Carroll
County, N.H. Born in Caldwell, Essex County, N.J., March 18, 1837.
Married, June 2, 1886, to Frances Folsom; father of Richard F.
Cleveland. Democrat. Lawyer; mayor of Buffalo, N.Y., 1882; Governor
of New York, 1883-85; President of the United States, 1885-89, 1893-
97; defeated, 1888. Presbyterian. Member, Sigma Chi. Elected to the
Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1935. His portrait appeared on
the U.S. $20 bill from 1914 to 1928, and on the $1,000 bill from 1928
to 1946. Died in Princeton, Mercer County, N.J., June 24, 1908.
Interment at Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, N.J. Cleveland counties
in Ark. and Okla. are named for him.
> Cross-reference: Henry T. Ellett; Wilson S. Bissell; David King
Udall
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Grover Cleveland: Alyn Brodsky, Grover Cleveland : A
Study in Character; H. Paul Jeffers, An Honest President: The Life
and Presidencies of Grover Cleveland; Mark Wahlgren Summers, Rum,
Romanism, & Rebellion : The Making of a President, 1884; Henry F.
Graff, Grover Cleveland; Jeff C. Young, Grover Cleveland (for young
readers)
>
> U.S. President Benjamin Harrison -
>
> Note: Although not listed, he appears to have been a Loyal Legion
member.
>
> Harrison, Benjamin (1833-1901) — also known as ‘Little Ben’; ‘Kid
Gloves’ — of Indianapolis, Marion County, Ind. Born in North Bend,
Hamilton County, Ohio, August 20, 1833. Great-grandson of Benjamin
Harrison (1726-1791); first cousin twice removed of Beverley Randolph
and Burwell Bassett; grandson of William Henry Harrison (1773-1841);
son of John Scott Harrison; second cousin once removed of Carter
Henry Harrison; married, October 20, 1853, to Caroline Lavinia Scott
(died 1892) and Mary Scott Lord Dimmick; second cousin twice removed
of Carter Henry Harrison II; grandfather of William Henry Harrison
(1896-1990). Republican. General in the Union Army during the Civil
War; candidate for Governor of Indiana, 1876; U.S. Senator from
Indiana, 1881-87; President of the United States, 1889-93; defeated,
1892. Presbyterian. English ancestry. Member, Loyal Legion; Phi Delta
Theta. Died of pneumonia, in Indianapolis, Marion County, Ind., March
13, 1901. Interment at Crown Hill
> Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind.
> See also: congressional biography.
> Books about Benjamin Harrison: Rita Stevens, Benjamin Harrison,
23rd President of the United States; Harry J. Sievers, Benjamin
Harrison : Hoosier President: The White House and After, 1889-1901;
Charles W. Calhoun, Benjamin Harrison; Homer E. Socolofsky & Allan B.
Spetter, The Presidency of Benjamin Harrison; Susan Clinton, Benjamin
Harrison : Twenty-Third President of the United States (for young
readers)
> Critical books about Benjamin Harrison: Nathan Miller, Star-
Spangled Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Grover Cleveland (second time)
>
> Note: Although not listed, he appears to have been a Loyal Legion
member.
>
> Cleveland, Stephen Grover (1837-1908) — also known as Grover
Cleveland; ‘Uncle Jumbo’; ‘The Veto Mayor’; ‘Grover The Good’; ‘The
Sage of Princeton’; ‘Dumb Prophet’; ‘Buffalo Hangman’; ‘The Veto
President’; ‘Beast of Buffalo’; ‘Big Steve’ — of Buffalo, Erie
County, N.Y.; Princeton, Mercer County, N.J.; Tamworth, Carroll
County, N.H. Born in Caldwell, Essex County, N.J., March 18, 1837.
Married, June 2, 1886, to Frances Folsom; father of Richard F.
Cleveland. Democrat. Lawyer; mayor of Buffalo, N.Y., 1882; Governor
of New York, 1883-85; President of the United States, 1885-89, 1893-
97; defeated, 1888. Presbyterian. Member, Sigma Chi. Elected to the
Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1935. His portrait appeared on
the U.S. $20 bill from 1914 to 1928, and on the $1,000 bill from 1928
to 1946. Died in Princeton, Mercer County, N.J., June 24, 1908.
Interment at Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, N.J. Cleveland counties
in Ark. and Okla. are named for him.
> Cross-reference: Henry T. Ellett; Wilson S. Bissell; David King
Udall
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Grover Cleveland: Alyn Brodsky, Grover Cleveland : A
Study in Character; H. Paul Jeffers, An Honest President: The Life
and Presidencies of Grover Cleveland; Mark Wahlgren Summers, Rum,
Romanism, & Rebellion : The Making of a President, 1884; Henry F.
Graff, Grover Cleveland; Jeff C. Young, Grover Cleveland (for young
readers)
>
> U.S. President William McKinley -
>
> Note: He was a Grand Army of the Republic, Loyal Legion,
Freemasons; Knights of Pythias; and Sigma Alpha Epsilon member.
>
> McKinley, William, Jr. (1843-1901) — also known as ‘Idol of Ohio’
— of Canton, Stark County, Ohio. Born in Niles, Trumbull County,
Ohio, January 29, 1843. Married, January 25, 1871, to Ida Saxton;
fourth cousin once removed of Henry Prather Fletcher. Republican.
Major in the Union Army during the Civil War; lawyer; U.S.
Representative from Ohio, 1877-84, 1885-91 (17th District 1877-79,
16th District 1879-81, 17th District 1881-83, 18th District 1883-84,
20th District 1885-87, 18th District 1887-91); delegate to Republican
National Convention from Ohio, 1888; Governor of Ohio, 1892-96;
President of the United States, 1897-1901; died in office 1901.
Methodist. Scotch-Irish ancestry. Member, Grand Army of the Republic;
Loyal Legion; Freemasons; Knights of Pythias; Sigma Alpha Epsilon.
His portrait appeared on the U.S. $500 bill from about 1928 until
1946. Shot by Leon Czolgosz, at a reception in the Temple of Music,
at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, N.Y.,
> September 6, 1901, and died eight days later, in Buffalo, Erie
County, N.Y., September 14, 1901. Interment at McKinley Monument,
Canton, Ohio; statue at Lucas County Courthouse Grounds, Toledo,
Ohio. McKinley County, N.M. is named for him.
> Cross-reference: Albert Halstead
> See also: congressional biography.
> Books about William McKinley: Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of
William McKinley; Kevin Phillips, William McKinley; H. Wayne Morgan,
William McKinley and His America
>
> cont. reply by
> amelia gora
> (652 posts)
> Mililani, Hawaii,
> Kingdom of Hawaii
> 7/12/2007 (05:05) delete edit reply top
> U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt -
>
> Note: He was a Freemasons; Alpha Delta Phi; Delta Kappa Epsilon;
Phi Beta Kappa member.
>
> Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919) — also known
as ‘T.R.’; ‘Teddy’; ‘The Colonel’; ‘The Hero of San Juan Hill’; ‘The
Rough Rider’; ‘Trust-Buster’ ; ‘The Happy Warrior’; ‘The Bull Moose’
— of New York, New York County, N.Y. Born in New York, New York
County, N.Y., October 27, 1858. Great-great- grandson of Archibald
Bulloch; nephew of Robert Barnwell Roosevelt; married, October 27,
1880, to Alice Hathaway Lee (died 1884) and Edith Kermit Carow;
father-in-law of Nicholas Longworth; fourth cousin once removed and
uncle by marriage of Franklin Delano Roosevelt; father of Alice Lee
Roosevelt Longworth and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.; granduncle of
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr.; great-grandfather- in-law of William
Floyd Weld. Member of New York state assembly, 1882-84; delegate to
Republican National Convention from New York, 1884, 1900; candidate
for mayor of New York City, N.Y., 1886; colonel in the U.S. Army
during the Spanish-American War; Governor of New York, 1899-1901; Vice
> President of the United States, 1901; President of the United
States, 1901-09; defeated (Progressive) , 1912; candidate for
Republican nomination for President, 1916. Christian Reformed. Dutch
ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Alpha Delta Phi; Delta Kappa Epsilon;
Phi Beta Kappa. Received the Medal of Honor for leading a charge up
San Juan Hill during battle there, July 1, 1898. While campaigning
for president in Milwaukee, Wis., on October 14, 1912, was shot in
the chest by John F. Schrank; despite the injury, he continued his
speech for another hour and a half before seeking medical attention.
Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1906; elected to the Hall of Fame for
Great Americans in 1950. Died in Oyster Bay, Nassau County, Long
Island, N.Y., January 6, 1919. Interment at Youngs’ Memorial
Cemetery, Oyster Bay, Long Island, N.Y. Roosevelt counties in Mont.
and N.M. are named for him.
> Cross-reference: Gifford Pinchot; David J. Leahy
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Theodore Roosevelt: James MacGregor Burns & Susan Dunn,
The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America; H.
W. Brands, T.R : The Last Romantic; Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex;
Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt; John Morton Blum, The
Republican Roosevelt; Richard D. White, Jr., Roosevelt the Reformer :
Theodore Roosevelt as Civil Service Commissioner, 1889-1895;
Frederick W. Marks III, Velvet on Iron : The Diplomacy of Theodore
Roosevelt; James Chace, 1912 : Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs : The
Election that Changed the Country; Patricia O’Toole, When Trumpets
Call : Theodore Roosevelt After the White House
>
> U.S. President William Howard Taft -
>
> Note: He was a Freemasons; Skull and Bones; Phi Alpha Delta; Psi
Upsilon member.
>
> Taft, William Howard (1857-1930) — also known as William H.
Taft; ‘Big Bill’ — of Ohio. Born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County,
Ohio, September 15, 1857. Grandson of Peter Rawson Taft; grandson-in-
law of Ela Collins; son of Alphonso Taft; nephew by marriage of
William Collins; married to the sister-in-law of Henry Lippitt; half-
brother of Charles Phelps Taft; married, June 19, 1886, to Helen
Herron; brother of Henry Waters Taft; uncle of Walbridge S. Taft;
father of Robert Alphonso Taft and Charles Phelps Taft II;
grandfather of William Howard Taft III, Robert Taft, Jr. and Seth
Chase Taft; great-grandfather of Robert A. Taft II. Republican.
Superior court judge in Ohio, 1887-90; Judge of U.S. Court of
Appeals, 1892-1900; Governor of the Philippine Islands, 1900-04; U.S.
Secretary of War, 1904-08; President of the United States, 1909-13;
defeated, 1912; Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court, 1921-30.
Unitarian. English ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Skull and Bones; Phi
Alpha
> Delta; Psi Upsilon. Died in Washington, D.C., March 8, 1930.
Interment at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
> Cross-reference: Walter P. Johnson; Fred Warner Carpenter
> Books about William Howard Taft: Paolo Enrico Coletta, The
Presidency of William Howard Taft; James Chace, 1912 : Wilson,
Roosevelt, Taft and Debs : The Election that Changed the Country;
Alpheus Thomas Mason, William Howard Taft
> Critical books about William Howard Taft: Nathan Miller, Star-
Spangled Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Woodrow Wilson -
>
> Note: He was a Phi Alpha Delta; Phi Kappa Psi member.
>
> Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (1856-1924) — also known as Woodrow
Wilson; ‘Schoolmaster in Politics’ — of New Jersey. Born in
Staunton, Va., December 28, 1856. Married, June 24, 1885, to Ellen
Louise Axson (died 1914) and Edith Bolling Galt; father-in-law of
William Gibbs McAdoo. Democrat. University professor; president of
Princeton University, 1902-10; Governor of New Jersey, 1911-13;
President of the United States, 1913-21. Presbyterian. Member, Phi
Alpha Delta; Phi Kappa Psi. Recipient of Nobel Peace Prize in 1919;
elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. His portrait
appeared on the U.S. $100,000 gold certificate which was issued in
1934-45 for cash transactions between banks. Died in Washington,
D.C., February 3, 1924. Interment at Washington National Cathedral,
Washington, D.C.
> Cross-reference: William C. Bullitt; Bainbridge Colby; Joseph E.
Davies; Joseph P. Tumulty; Thomas H. Birch
> Books about Woodrow Wilson: Louis Auchincloss, Woodrow Wilson;
Herbert Hoover, The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson; James Chace, 1912 :
Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs : The Election that Changed the
Country; Anne Schraff, Woodrow Wilson (for young readers)
> Critical books about Woodrow Wilson: Jim Powell, Wilson’s War : How
Woodrow Wilson’s Great Blunder Led to Hitler, Lenin, Stalin, and
World War II
>
> U.S. President Warren Gamaliel Harding -
>
> Note: He was a Freemasons; Knights Templar; Shriners; Elks; Knights
of Pythias; Phi Alpha Delta member.
>
> Harding, Warren Gamaliel (1865-1923) — also known as Warren G.
Harding — of Marion, Marion County, Ohio. Born in Blooming Grove,
Morrow County, Ohio, November 2, 1865. Married, July 8, 1891, to
Florence Kling DeWolf. Republican. Newspaper publisher; member of
Ohio state senate 13th District, 1899-1903; Lieutenant Governor of
Ohio, 1904-06; candidate for Governor of Ohio, 1910; U.S. Senator
from Ohio, 1915-21; delegate to Republican National Convention from
Ohio, 1916; President of the United States, 1921-23; died in office
1923. Baptist. English ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar;
Shriners; Elks; Knights of Pythias; Phi Alpha Delta. First president
ever to have his voice broadcast on the radio, June 14, 1922. Died in
a room at the Palace Hotel, San Francisco, Calif., August 2, 1923;
the claim that he was poisoned by his wife is not accepted by
historians. Original interment at Marion Cemetery, Marion, Ohio;
reinterment in 1927 at Harding Memorial Tomb,
> Marion, Ohio. Harding County, N.M. is named for him.
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Warren G. Harding: Francis Russell, The Shadow of
Blooming Grove : Warren G. Harding In His Times (out of print);
Robert K. Murray, The Harding Era : Warren G. Harding and His
Administration; Eugene P. Trani & David L. Wilson, The Presidency of
Warren G. Harding; Harry M. Daugherty, Inside Story of the Harding
Tragedy; Charles L. Mee, The Ohio Gang : The World of Warren G.
Harding (out of print); John W. Dean, Warren G. Harding; Russell
Roberts, Warren G. Harding (for young readers)
> Critical books about Warren G. Harding: Nathan Miller, Star-
Spangled Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Calvin Coolidge -
>
> He was a
> Coolidge, John Calvin (1872-1933) — also known as Calvin
Coolidge; ‘Silent Cal’; ‘Cautious Cal’ — of Northampton, Hampshire
County, Mass. Born in Plymouth, Windsor County, Vt., July 4, 1872.
Cousin of William Wallace Stickney; married, October 4, 1905, to
Grace Anna Goodhue. Republican. Lawyer; member of Massachusetts state
house of representatives, 1907; mayor of Northampton, Mass., 1910-11;
member of Massachusetts state senate, 1912-15; Lieutenant Governor of
Massachusetts, 1916-19; Governor of Massachusetts, 1919-21; Vice
President of the United States, 1921-23; President of the United
States, 1923-29. Congregationalist. English ancestry. Died of
coronary thrombosis in Northampton, Hampshire County, Mass., January
5, 1933. Interment at Plymouth Notch Cemetery, Plymouth, Vt.
> Cross-reference: John W. Langley
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Calvin Coolidge: The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge
(1929, out of print)
> Books about Calvin Coolidge: Peter Hannaford, ed., The Quotable
Calvin Coolidge : Sensible Words for the New Century; Robert H.
Ferrell, The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge; Robert Sobel, Coolidge:
An American Enigma
> Critical books about Calvin Coolidge: Nathan Miller, Star-Spangled
Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Herbert Clark Hoover -
>
> Note: Although not listed, he appears to have been a Loyal Legion
member.
>
> Hoover, Herbert Clark (1874-1964) — also known as Herbert
Hoover; ‘The Great Engineer’; ‘The Grand Old Man’ — of Palo Alto,
Santa Clara County, Calif. Born in West Branch, Cedar County, Iowa,
August 10, 1874. Married, February 10, 1899, to Lou Henry (died
1944). Republican. Mining engineer; candidate for Republican
nomination for President, 1920; U.S. Secretary of Commerce, 1921-28;
President of the United States, 1929-33; defeated, 1932. Quaker.
Dutch ancestry. Inducted into the National Mining Hall of Fame,
Leadville, Colorado. Died, of intestinal cancer, in his suite at the
Waldorf Towers Hotel, New York, New York County, N.Y., October 20,
1964. Interment at Herbert Hoover National Historic Site, West
Branch, Iowa.
> Cross-reference: Horace A. Mann; Walter H. Newton; Christian A.
Herter
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Herbert Hoover: The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson
> Books about Herbert Hoover: Martin L. Fausold, The Presidency of
Herbert C. Hoover; Joan Hoff Wilson, Herbert Hoover : Forgotten
Progressive; George H. Nash, Life of Herbert Hoover : The
Humanitarian, 1914-1917; George H. Nash, The Life of Herbert Hoover :
Masters of Emergencies, 1917-1918; David Holford, Herbert Hoover (for
young readers)
>
> U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
>
> Note: He was a Grange; Freemasons; Elks; Knights of Pythias; Alpha
Delta Phi; Phi Beta Kappa member.
>
> Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) — also known as Franklin
D. Roosevelt; ‘F.D.R.’ — of Hyde Park, Dutchess County, N.Y. Born
in Hyde Park, Dutchess County, N.Y., January 30, 1882. Great-great-
grandson of Edward Hutchinson Robbins; fourth cousin once removed and
nephew by marriage of Theodore Roosevelt; half-uncle of Helen
Roosevelt Robinson; married, March 17, 1905, to Anna Eleanor
Roosevelt; first cousin of Warren Delano Robbins; fifth cousin of
Nicholas Roosevelt; father of James Roosevelt and Franklin Delano
Roosevelt, Jr.. Democrat. Lawyer; member of New York state senate
26th District, 1911-13; resigned 1913; candidate for Vice President
of the United States, 1920; delegate to Democratic National
Convention from New York, 1920, 1924, 1928; contracted polio in the
early 1920s; as a result, his legs were paralyzed for the rest of his
life; Governor of New York, 1929-33; President of the United States,
1933-45; died in office 1945; on February 15, 1933, in Miami,
> Fla., he and Chicago mayor Anton J. Cermak were shot at by
Guiseppe Zangara; Cermak was hit and mortally wounded. Episcopalian.
Member, Grange; Freemasons; Elks; Knights of Pythias; Alpha Delta
Phi; Phi Beta Kappa. Served as president during the Depression and
World War II. His portrait appears on the U.S. dime (ten cent coin).
Died of a cerebral hemorrhage, in Warm Springs, Meriwether County,
Ga., April 12, 1945. Interment at Roosevelt Home, Hyde Park, N.Y.
> Cross-reference: Ross T. McIntire; Milton Lipson; W. W. Howes
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Franklin D. Roosevelt: James MacGregor Burns & Susan
Dunn, The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed
America; Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time : Franklin and
Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II; Joseph Alsop &
Roland Gelatt, FDR : 1882-1945; Bernard Bellush, Franklin Roosevelt
as Governor of New York; Robert H. Jackson, That Man : An Insider’s
Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt; Jonas Klein, Beloved Island :
Franklin & Eleanor and the Legacy of Campobello; Conrad Black,
Franklin Delano Roosevelt : Champion of Freedom; Karen Bornemann
Spies, Franklin D. Roosevelt (for young readers)
> Critical books about Franklin D. Roosevelt: Jim Powell, FDR’s
Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression;
John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth
>
> U.S. President Harry S. Truman -
>
> Note: He was a American Legion; Freemasons; Knights Templar;
Eagles; Elks; Lambda Chi Alpha; Phi Alpha Delta member.
>
> Truman, Harry S. (1884-1972) — also known as ‘Give ‘Em Hell
Harry’ — of Independence, Jackson County, Mo. Born in Lamar, Barton
County, Mo., May 8, 1884. Grandnephew of James Chiles; married, June
28, 1919, to Elizabeth Virginia ‘Bess’ Wallace. Democrat. Major in
the U.S. Army during World War I; county judge in Missouri, 1922-24,
1926-34; U.S. Senator from Missouri, 1935-45; delegate to Democratic
National Convention from Missouri, 1940, 1944, 1952, 1960; Vice
President of the United States, 1945; President of the United States,
1945-53; candidate for Democratic nomination for President, 1952.
Baptist. Member, American Legion; Freemasons; Knights Templar;
Eagles; Elks; Lambda Chi Alpha; Phi Alpha Delta. Two members of a
Puerto Rican nationalist group, Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo,
tried to shoot their way into Blair House, temporary residence of the
President, as part of an attempted assassination, November 1, 1950.
Torresola and a guard, Leslie Coffelt, were
> killed. Collazo, wounded, was arrested, tried, and convicted of
murder. Died at Research Hospital and Medical Center, Kansas City,
Jackson County, Mo., December 26, 1972. Interment at Truman
Presidential Library and Museum, Independence, Mo.
> Cross-reference: Andrew J. May; Milton Lipson
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Harry S. Truman: The Autobiography of Harry S. Truman
> Books about Harry S. Truman: David McCullough, Truman; Alonzo L.
Hamby, Man of the People : A Life of Harry S. Truman; Sean J. Savage,
Truman and the Democratic Party; Ken Hechler, Working With Truman : A
Personal Memoir of the White House Years; Alan Axelrod, When the Buck
Stops With You: Harry S. Truman on Leadership; Ralph Keyes, The Wit
and Wisdom of Harry S. Truman
>
> U.S. President Dwight David Eisenhower -
>
> He was a Council on Foreign Relations; American Legion member.
>
> Eisenhower, Dwight David (1890-1969) — also known as Dwight D.
Eisenhower; ‘Ike’ — Born in Denison, Grayson County, Tex., October
14, 1890. Married, July 1, 1916, to Mary Geneva ‘Mamie’ Doud.
Republican. General in the U.S. Army during World War II; president
of Columbia University, 1948-53; President of the United States, 1953-
61. Presbyterian. German ancestry. Member, Council on Foreign
Relations; American Legion. His portrait appeared on the U.S. dollar
coin, 1971-78. Died, after a series of heart attacks, at Walter Reed
Army Hospital, Washington, D.C., March 28, 1969. Interment at
Eisenhower Center, Abilene, Kan.
> Cross-reference: Sherman Adams; Carter L. Burgess; Woodrow Wilson
Mann
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Dwight D. Eisenhower: Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower :
Soldier and President; Fred I. Greenstein, The Hidden-Hand
Presidency : Eisenhower as Leader; Carlo d’Este, Eisenhower : A
Soldier’s Life; Robert F. Burk, Dwight D. Eisenhower: Hero and
Politician
>
> U.S. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy -
>
> Note: He was a American Legion; Elks; Knights of Columbus member.
>
> Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (1917-1963) — also known as John F.
Kennedy; ‘J.F.K.’; ‘Lancer’ — of Boston, Suffolk County, Mass. Born
in Brookline, Norfolk County, Mass., May 29, 1917. Grandson of
Patrick Joseph Kennedy (1858-1929) and John Francis Fitzgerald; son
of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose (Fitzgerald) Kennedy; brother-in-
law of Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.; brother of Joseph Patrick
Kennedy, Jr., Robert Francis Kennedy, Jean Kennedy Smith and Edward
Moore Kennedy; married, September 12, 1953, to Jacqueline
Lee ‘Jackie’ Bouvier; his step-father- in-law married the mother of
Eugene Luther Gore Vidal, Jr.; uncle of Kathleen Kennedy Townsend,
Joseph Patrick Kennedy II, Mark Kennedy Shriver and Patrick Joseph
Kennedy (1967-). Democrat. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War
II; U.S. Representative from Massachusetts 11th District, 1947-53;
elected unopposed 1948; U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, 1953-60;
delegate to Democratic National Convention from Massachusetts,
> 1956; candidate for Democratic nomination for Vice President,
1956; President of the United States, 1961-63; died in office 1963.
Catholic. Irish ancestry. Member, American Legion; Elks; Knights of
Columbus. Received a Pulitzer Prize in 1957 for his book Profiles in
Courage; posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in
1963. His portrait appears on the U.S. half dollar (50 cent coin).
Shot by a sniper, Lee Harvey Oswald, while riding in a motorcade, and
died in Parkland Hospital, Dallas, Dallas County, Tex., November 22,
1963. Oswald was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby.
Interment at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
> Cross-reference: John B. Connally; Henry B. Gonzalez; Henry M.
Wade; Walter Edward Rogers; Gerry E. Studds; James B. McCahey, Jr.;
Mark Dalton; Waggoner Carr
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by John F. Kennedy: Profiles in Courage
> Books about John F. Kennedy: Christopher Loviny & Vincent Touze,
JFK : Remembering Jack; Robert Dallek, An Unfinished Life : John F.
Kennedy, 1917-1963; Michael O’Brien, John F. Kennedy : A Biography;
Sean J. Savage, JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party; Thurston Clarke,
Ask Not : The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That
Changed America; Shelley Sommer, John F. Kennedy : His Life and
Legacy (for young readers)
> Critical books about John F. Kennedy: Seymour Hersh, The Dark Side
of Camelot
>
> cont.
>
> Responses: 2 reply by
> amelia gora
> (653 posts)
> Mililani, Hawaii,
> Kingdom of Hawaii
> 7/12/2007 (05:08) delete edit reply top Response
to message 1 written by amelia gora
>
> U.S. President Lyndon Baines Johnson -
>
> Note: He was an American Legion member.
>
> Johnson, Lyndon Baines (1908-1973) — also known as Lyndon B.
Johnson; ‘L.B.J.’; ‘Landslide Lyndon’; ‘Preacher Lyndon’; ‘The
Accidental President’; ‘Volunteer’; ‘Light Bulb Johnson’ — of
Johnson City, Blanco County, Tex. Born near Stonewall, Gillespie
County, Tex., August 27, 1908. Son of Samuel Ealy Johnson and Rebekah
(Baines) Johnson; married, November 17, 1934, to Claudia Alta ‘Lady
Bird’ Taylor; father-in-law of Charles Spittal Robb. Democrat. U.S.
Representative from Texas 10th District, 1937-49; elected unopposed
1940, 1942, 1946; delegate to Democratic National Convention from
Texas, 1940; U.S. Senator from Texas, 1949-61; candidate for
Democratic nomination for President, 1956, 1968; Vice President of
the United States, 1961-63; President of the United States, 1963-69.
Disciples of Christ. Member, American Legion. Awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1980. Died from a heart
attack, on a plane en route to a hospital, near San Antonio, Bexar
> County, Tex., January 22, 1973. Interment at LBJ Ranch, Stonewall,
Tex.
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books about Lyndon B. Johnson: Doris Kearns Goodwin, Lyndon Johnson
and the American Dream; Robert A. Caro, Years of Lyndon Johnson : The
Path to Power; Robert A. Caro, Years of Lyndon Johnson : Means of
Ascent; Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant : Lyndon Johnson and His Times,
1961-1973; Robert A. Caro, Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon
Johnson; Sean J. Savage, JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party; Michael
A. Schuman, Lyndon B. Johnson (for young readers
>
> U.S. President Richard Milhous Nixon -
>
> Note: He was an American Legion member.
>
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Replies to This Discussion

Nixon, Richard Milhous (1913-1994) — also known as Richard M.
Nixon; ‘Tricky Dick’; ‘Searchlight’ — of Whittier, Los Angeles
County, Calif. Born in Yorba Linda, Orange County, Calif., January 9,
1913. Married, June 21, 1940, to Thelma Catherine ‘Pat’ Ryan (died
1993). Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Navy during World War
II; U.S. Representative from California 12th District, 1947-50; U.S.
Senator from California, 1950-53; appointed 1950; resigned 1953;
delegate to Republican National Convention from California, 1952,
1956; Vice President of the United States, 1953-61; President of the
United States, 1969-74; defeated, 1960; candidate for Governor of
California, 1962; candidate for Republican nomination for President,
1964. Quaker. Member, American Legion. Resigned as President under
threat of impeachment as a result of the Watergate scandal; pardoned
in 1974 by President Gerald R. Ford. Died, from a stroke, at New York
Hospital/Cornell Medical Center, New York,
> New York County, N.Y., April 22, 1994. Interment at Richard Nixon
Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, Calif.
> Cross-reference: Maurice H. Stans; John H. Holdridge; Clark
MacGregor; Harry L. Sears
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Richard M. Nixon: RN : The Memoirs of Richard Nixon
(1978); Beyond Peace (1994); 1999: Victory Without War (1988);
Leaders (1982); Memoirs; Six Crises (1962); The Challenges We Face
(1960, out of print); In the Arena: A Memoir of Victory, Defeat and
Renewal (1990, out of print); No More Vietnams (1985, out of print);
The Poetry of Richard Milhous Nixon (1974, out of print); Real Peace
(1984, out of print); The Real War (1980, out of print); Seize The
Moment: America’s Challenge in a One-Superpower World (1992, out of
print)
> Books about Richard M. Nixon: Melvin Small, The Presidency of
Richard Nixon; Joan Hoff, Nixon Reconsidered; Jonathan Aitken,
Nixon : A Life; Garry Wills, Nixon Agonistes : The Crisis of the Self-
Made Man; Thomas Monsell, Nixon on Stage and Screen : The Thirty-
Seventh President As Depicted in Films, Television, Plays and Opera;
Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon : Education of a Politician, 1913-1962;
Richard Reeves, President Nixon: Alone in the White House; Roger
Morris, Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician;
Robert Mason, Richard Nixon and the Quest for a New Majority
> Critical books about Richard M. Nixon: Nathan Miller, Star-Spangled
Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents
>
> U.S. President Gerald Rudolph Ford -
>
> Note: He was a Humane Society; American Legion; Amvets; Forty and
Eight; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Freemasons; Shriners; Jaycees; Delta
Kappa Epsilon; Phi Delta Phi member.
>
> Ford, Gerald Rudolph, Jr. (b. 1913) — also known as Gerald R.
Ford; Jerry Ford; Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; ‘Passkey’ — of Grand
Rapids, Kent County, Mich. Born in Omaha, Douglas County, Neb., July
14, 1913. Married, October 15, 1948, to Elizabeth Bloomer ‘Betty’
Warren; half-brother of Thomas G. Ford, Sr.. Republican. Lawyer;
served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; delegate to Republican
National Convention from Michigan, 1948, 1960, 1964; U.S.
Representative from Michigan 5th District, 1949-73; resigned 1973;
Vice President of the United States, 1973-74; President of the United
States, 1974-77; defeated, 1976. Episcopalian. Member, Humane
Society; American Legion; Amvets; Forty and Eight; Veterans of
Foreign Wars; Freemasons; Shriners; Jaycees; Delta Kappa Epsilon; Phi
Delta Phi. Shot at in two separate incidents in San Francisco in
September 1975. On September 5, Lynette ‘Squeaky’ Fromme, follower of
murderous cult leader Charles Manson, got close to the President
> with a loaded pistol, and squeezed the trigger at close range; the
gun misfired. On September 22, Sara Jane Moore fired a shot at him,
but a bystander deflected her aim. Both women were convicted and
sentenced to life in prison. Received the Medal of Freedom in 1999.
Still living as of 2003.
> Cross-reference: Richard M. Nixon
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Gerald R. Ford: A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of
Gerald R. Ford (1983)
> Books about Gerald R. Ford: John Robert Greene, The Presidency of
Gerald R. Ford; Edward L. Schapsmeier, Gerald R. Ford’s Date With
Destiny: A Political Biography; James Cannon, Time and Chance :
Gerald Ford’s Appointment With History
>
> U.S. President James Earl Carter, Jr.
>
> Note: He was a Council on Foreign Relations; American Legion; Phi
Alpha Delta member.
>
> Carter, James Earl, Jr. (b. 1924) — also known as Jimmy
Carter; ‘The Peanut’; ‘Dasher’; ‘Deacon’ — of Plains, Sumter
County, Ga. Born in a hospital, at Plains, Sumter County, Ga.,
October 1, 1924. Son of James Earl Carter and Lillian (Gordy) Carter;
first cousin of Hugh Alton Carter, Sr.; married, July 7, 1946, to
Eleanor Rosalynn Smith. Democrat. Member of Georgia state senate,
1963-66; Governor of Georgia, 1971-75; President of the United
States, 1977-81; defeated, 1980; delegate to Democratic National
Convention from Georgia, 2000, 2004. Baptist. Member, Council on
Foreign Relations; American Legion; Phi Alpha Delta. Received the
Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. Still living as of 2004.
> Cross-reference: Clennon King; Thomas A. Hutto
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Jimmy Carter: Turning Point : A Candidate, a State, and a
Nation Come of Age (1992); An Hour Before Daylight : Memories of a
Rural Boyhood (2001); Keeping Faith : Memoirs of a President (1982);
Always a Reckoning and Other Poems (1995); The Blood of Abraham:
Insights into the Middle East (1993); Everything to Gain : Making the
Most of the Rest of Your Life (1987); A Government As Good As Its
People (1977); Living Faith (1996); Negotiation: The Alternative to
Hostility (1984, out of print); An Outdoor Journal: Adventures and
Reflections (1994); Sources of Strength : Meditations on Scripture
for a Living Faith (1997); The Virtues of Aging (1998); Why Not The
Best? (1975); Talking Peace : A Vision for the Next Generation (1993,
for young readers)
> Books about Jimmy Carter: Douglas Brinkley, The Unfinished
Presidency : Jimmy Carter’s Journey to the Nobel Peace Prize; Rod
Troester, Jimmy Carter as Peacemaker : A Post-Presidential Biography
> Critical books about Jimmy Carter: Nathan Miller, Star-Spangled
Men : America’s Ten Worst Presidents; Steven F. Hayward, The Real
Jimmy Carter : How Our Worst Ex-President Undermines American Foreign
Policy, Coddles Dictators, and Created the Party of Clinton and Kerry
>
  > U.S. President Ronald Wilson Reagan -
>
> Note: He was a American Legion; Lions; Tau Kappa Epsilon member.
>
> Reagan, Ronald Wilson (1911-2004) — also known as Ronald
Reagan; ‘Dutch’; ‘The Gipper’; ‘The Great Communicator’ ; ‘The Teflon
President’; ‘Rawhide’ — of Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles County,
Calif. Born in Tampico, Whiteside County, Ill., February 6, 1911.
Married, January 26, 1940, to Jane Wyman (actress; divorced 1948) and
Nancy Davis (actress); father of Maureen Elizabeth Reagan.
Republican. Worked as a sports broadcaster in Iowa in the 1930s,
doing local radio broadcast of Chicago Cubs baseball games; served in
the U.S. Army during World War II; professional actor in 1937-64;
appeared in dozens of films including Kings Row, Dark Victory, Santa
Fe Trail, Knute Rockne, All American, and The Winning Team; president
of the Screen Actors Guild, 1947-52, 1959-60; member of California
Republican State Central Committee, 1964-66; alternate delegate to
Republican National Convention from California, 1964; Governor of
California, 1967-75; candidate for Republican nomination
> for President, 1968, 1976; President of the United States, 1981-
89; on March 30, 1981, outside the Washington Hilton hotel, he and
three others were shot and wounded by John Hinkley, Jr.; received the
Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1993. Disciples of Christ. Member,
American Legion; Lions; Tau Kappa Epsilon. Died, from pneumonia and
Alzheimer’s disease, in Bel Air, Los Angeles County, Calif., June 5,
2004. Burial location unknown.
> Cross-reference: Katherine Hoffman Haley; Dana Rohrabacher; Donald
T. Regan
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Ronald Reagan: Ronald Reagan : An American Life
> Books about Ronald Reagan: Lou Cannon, President Reagan : The Role
of a Lifetime; Lou Cannon, Governor Reagan : His Rise to Power; Peter
Schweizer, Reagan’s War : The Epic Story of His Forty-Year Struggle
and Final Triumph Over Communism; Lee Edwards, Ronald Reagan: A
Political Biography; Paul Kengor, God and Ronald Reagan : A Spiritual
Life; Mary Beth Brown, Hand of Providence: The Strong and Quiet Faith
of Ronald Reagan; Edmund Morris, Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan;
Peggy Noonan, When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan;
Peter J. Wallison, Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the
Success of His Presidency; Dinesh D’Souza, Ronald Reagan : How an
Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader; William F. Buckley, Jr.,
Ronald Reagan: An American Hero
>
> U.S. President George Bush
>
> Note: He was/is a member of Council on Foreign Relations; American
Legion; Society of the Cincinnati; Skull and Bones; Delta Kappa
Epsilon; Phi Beta Kappa.
>
> Bush, George Herbert Walker (b. 1924) — also known as George
Bush; ‘Poppy’; ‘Sheepskin’; ‘Timberwolf’ — of Midland, Midland
County, Tex.; Houston, Harris County, Tex. Born in Milton, Norfolk
County, Mass., June 12, 1924. First cousin thrice removed of David
Davis; son of Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy (Walker) Bush (1901-
1992); married, January 6, 1945, to Barbara Pierce; father of George
Walker Bush and John Ellis Bush. Republican. Served in the U.S. Navy
during World War II; delegate to Republican National Convention from
Texas, 1964; candidate for U.S. Senator from Texas, 1964, 1970; U.S.
Representative from Texas 7th District, 1967-71; U.S. Representative
to United Nations, 1971-73; Chairman of Republican National
Committee, 1973-74; U.S. Liaison to China, 1974-75; director, U.S.
Central Intelligence Agency, 1976-77; candidate for Republican
nomination for President, 1980; Vice President of the United States,
1981-89; President of the United States, 1989-93;
> defeated, 1992. Episcopalian. Member, Council on Foreign
Relations; American Legion; Society of the Cincinnati; Skull and
Bones; Delta Kappa Epsilon; Phi Beta Kappa. Still living as of 2003.
> Cross-reference: Caspar W. Weinberger; John H. Sununu
> See also: congressional biography; Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by George H. W. Bush: All The Best, George Bush: My Life and
Other Writings (1999); Looking Forward (1987, out of print); A World
Transformed (1998)
> Books about George H. W. Bush: John Robert Greene, The Presidency
of George Bush; Tim O’Shei & Joe Marren, George H. W. Bush (for young
readers)
> Critical books about George H. W. Bush: Kevin Phillips, American
Dynasty: Aristocracy, Fortune, and the Politics of Deceit in the
House of Bush; Kitty Kelly, The Family : The Real Story of the Bush
Dynasty
>
> U.S. President William Clinton
>
> Note: He was/is a member of Council on Foreign Relations;
Trilateral Commission; Phi Alpha Delta; Pi Sigma Alpha.
>
>
Clinton, William Jefferson (b. 1946) — also known as Bill
Clinton; William Jefferson Blythe IV; ‘Slick
Willie’; ‘Bubba’; ‘Elvis’; ‘Eagle’; ‘The Big Dog’ — of Arkansas.
Born in Hope, Hempstead County, Ark., August 19, 1946. Third cousin
twice removed of James Alexander Lockhart; married, October 11, 1975,
to Hillary Diane Rodham. Democrat. Rhodes scholar; candidate for U.S.
Representative from Arkansas 3rd District, 1974; Arkansas state
attorney general, 1977-79; Governor of Arkansas, 1979-81, 1983-92;
President of the United States, 1993-2001; delegate to Democratic
National Convention from Arkansas, 2000; delegate to Democratic
National Convention from New York, 2004. Baptist. Member, Council on
Foreign Relations; Trilateral Commission; Phi Alpha Delta; Pi Sigma
Alpha. Impeached by the House of Representatives in December 1998
over allegations of perjury and obstruction of justice, but acquitted
by the Senate. Still living as of 2004.
> Cross-reference: Abraham J. Hirschfeld; Kenneth W. Starr; Rahm
Emanuel
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by Bill Clinton: Between Hope and History : Meeting America’s
Challenges for the 21st Century (1996, out of print); My Life (2004)
> Books about Bill Clinton: David Maraniss, First in His Class : The
Biography of Bill Clinton; Joe Conason, The Hunting of the
President : The Ten-Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary
Clinton; Gene Lyons, Fools for Scandal : How the Media Invented
Whitewater; Sidney Blumenthal, The Clinton Wars; Dewayne Wickham,
Bill Clinton and Black America; Joe Klein, The Natural : The
Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clinton; Nigel Hamilton, Bill
Clinton: An American Journey; Bob Woodward, The Agenda: Inside the
Clinton White House; George Stephanopolous, All Too Human; Tim
O’Shei, Bill Clinton (for young readers)
> Critical books about Bill Clinton: Barbara Olson, The Final Days :
The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House;
Meredith L. Oakley, On the Make : The Rise of Bill Clinton; Robert
Patterson, Dereliction of Duty: The Eyewitness Account of How Bill
Clinton Endangered America’s Long-Term National Securi; Ambrose Evans-
Pritchard, The Secret Life of Bill Clinton: The Unreported Stories;
Ann Coulter, High Crimes and Misdemeanors: The Case Against Bill
Clinton; Dick Morris and Eileen McGann, Because He Could; Jack
Cashill, Ron Brown’s Body : How One Man’s Death Saved the Clinton
Presidency and Hillary’s Future; Christopher Hitchens, No One Left To
Lie To: The Values of the Worst Family; Rich Lowry, Legacy: Paying
the Price for the Clinton Years; Richard Miniter, Losing Bin Laden :
How Bill Clinton’s Failures Unleashed Global Terror
>
> U.S. President George W. Bush
>
> Note: He was/is a member of Skull and Bones; Delta Kappa Epsilon.
>
> Bush, George Walker (b. 1946) — also known as George W.
Bush; ‘Dubya’; ‘Shrub’; ‘The Smirking Chimp’ — of Midland, Midland
County, Tex.; Crawford, McLennan County, Tex. Born in New Haven, New
Haven County, Conn., July 6, 1946. Grandson of Prescott Sheldon Bush;
son of Barbara (Pierce) Bush and George Herbert Walker Bush; married,
November 5, 1977, to Laura Welch; brother of John Ellis Bush.
Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Texas,
1988; Governor of Texas, 1995-2000; President of the United States,
2001-. Methodist. Member, Skull and Bones; Delta Kappa Epsilon. Still
living as of 2004.
> See also: Internet Movie Database profile.
> Books by George W. Bush: A Charge to Keep (1999)
> Books about George W. Bush: J. H. Hatfield et al, Fortunate Son :
George W. Bush and the Making of An American President; Roger Simon,
Divided We Stand : How Al Gore Beat George Bush and Lost the
Presidency; Frank Bruni, Ambling into History : The Unlikely Odyssey
of George W. Bush; Bryan Laberge, George W. Bush : In the Whirlwind;
Lou Dubose et al, Boy Genius: Karl Rove, the Brains Behind the
Remarkable Political Triumph of George W. Bush; Bill Sammon,
Misunderestimated: The President Battles Terrorism, John Kerry, and
the Bush Haters; David Aikman, A Man of Faith: The Spiritual Journey
of George W. Bush; Bob Woodward, Bush at War; Bob Woodward, Plan of
Attack; Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret
Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties; Bill
Sammon, Misunderestimated: The President Battles Terrorism, John
Kerry, and the Bush Haters; Sandra J. Kachurek, George W. Bush (for
young readers); Tim O’Shei & Joe Marren, George W. Bush (for
> young readers)
> Critical books about George W. Bush: Molly Ivins, Shrub: The Short
But Happy Political Life of George W. Bush; David Corn, The Lies of
George W. Bush : Mastering the Politics of Deception; Kevin Phillips,
American Dynasty: Aristocracy, Fortune, and the Politics of Deceit in
the House of Bush; John Dean, Worse Than Watergate: The Secret
Presidency of George W. Bush; Kitty Kelly, The Family : The Real
Story of the Bush Dynasty; John W. Dean, Worse Than Watergate: The
Secret Presidency of George W. Bush; Ron Suskind, The Price of
Loyalty: George W. Bush, the White House, and the Education of Paul
O’Neill; Robert C. Byrd, Losing America: Confronting a Reckless and
Arrogant Presidency; Jack Huberman, The Bush – Haters Handbook: A
Guide to the Most Appalling Presidency of the Past 100 Years
>
> ************ *********
>
>
>
> Responses: 3 reply by
> amelia gora
> (654 posts)
> Mililani, Hawaii,
> Kingdom of Hawaii
> 7/12/2007 (05:10) delete edit reply top Response
to message 2 written by amelia gora
>
>
> REFERENCES:
>
>
> Knights of Pythias
>   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvE5jVIAvK8  German Jews viewed America as the Land of 10%
> History of the Order
>
> The Order of Knights of Pythias is a great international fraternity
which was founded in Washington, DC, February 19, 1864, by Justus H.
Rathbone, and embraces more than two thousand subordinate lodges in
the United States and Canada, with occasional lodges having been
formed elsewhere. The primary object of fraternal organizations is to
promote friendship among men and to relieve suffering. Each
organization adopts some outstanding principle as its objective. The
individuality of an order is determined by its ideal sentiment. The
distinguishing principles of the Order of Knights of Pythias
are ‘FRIENDSHIP, CHARITY and BENEVOLENCE’ .
>
> It bases its lessons and builds it ritual largely on the familiar
story of the friendship of Damon and Pythias, who were historical
characters living about four hundred or more years before the
beginning of the Christian era. They were members of a school,
founded by Pythagoras, who was known as the father of Greek
philosophy.
>
> To become a member of the Pythagorean Brotherhood, certain very
rigorous tests were demanded and applied, some of which are very
similar to the ritualistic work of our order today. The object of the
organization was the moral uplifting and purification of society.
Strict morality, absolute truthfulness, honor and integrity were
thoroughly inculcated in the minds of its membership. It was a maxim
of Pythagoras that the two most excellent things for man were ‘to
speak the truth and to render benefits to each other’ The outstanding
feature of the society, however, was the marvelous friendship and
loyalty which bound the brotherhood together with hoops of steel,
which was so remarkably demonstrated in the incident which forms the
historic basis of our order.
>
> Damon had opposed the pretensions of the king of Syracuse, who had
gained the throne by fraud, and as a result he was condemned to
death. Pythias became a hostage for Damon, while the latter was
permitted his liberty to bid his wife and child goodbye. Each was
willing to die to save the other’s life. Their loyalty to each other,
the adventures that beset them, and the outcome of this noble
friendship, form the basis for one of the most beautiful stories of
history as exemplified in our ritual.
>
> The Drama – Damon and Pythias
>
> John Banim, Irish poet and dramatist, wrote a play based on this
friendship, which was first produced in London in 1821, and has since
been staged many hundreds of times.
>
> Familiarity with the Banim play encouraged Justus H. Rathbone to
organize a fraternal order on the basis of such friendship. Its first
small group of members took the vows of the new order with their
hands placed upon a pocket Bible that had been given Mr. Rathbone by
his mother. This Bible is still cherished as a treasured relic of the
Order, and many thousands of others have been privileged to become
members in what is known as ‘Rathbone Bible Classes’ the original
Bible being used to obligate them.
>
> Abraham Lincoln and Our Ritual
>
> The Order began, of course, during the Civil War, and its founder
believed that it might do much to heal the wounds and allay the
hatred of civil conflict. President Abraham Lincoln, being advised of
the contents of the ritual and its teaching, said: ‘The purposes of
your organization are most wonderful. If we could but bring its
spirit to all our citizenry, what a wonderful thing it would be. It
breathes the spirit of Friendship, Charity and Benevolence. It is one
of the best agencies conceived for the upholding of government,
honoring the flag, for the reuniting of our brethren of the North and
of the South, for teaching the people to love one another, and
portraying the sanctity of the home and loved ones. I would suggest
that these great principles by perpetuated and that you go to the
Congress of the United States and ask for a charter, and so organize
on a great scale throughout this nation, and disseminate this
wonderful work that you have so nobly started. I will do
> all in my power to assist you in this application and with your
work.’
>
> The suggestion made by the President was adopted. An application
was made to Congress for a charter, and the Order of Knights of
Pythias was the first American Order ever chartered by an Act of the
Congress of the United States.
>
> In the Order’s ritualistic work, every sentence has a meaning and
every paragraph a beautiful and inspiring lesson. The flag of the
country has an honored place at every meeting and the Holy Bible is
the supreme Book of Law. The Order does not seek to shape any man’s
creed, but Pythianism is the practical application of religious and
charitable principles to every day life. We have a heritage of which
we are proud and our precepts and teachings lead men to higher ideals
of life. We invite like minded men of good character to join us in
making these ideals the dominant factor in modern living.
>
> Peace Through Understanding
>
> The Knights of Pythias is dedicated to the cause of universal peace
and is pledged to the promotion of understanding among men of good
will as the surest means of attaining it.
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> We believe that any two men, believers in a Supreme Being, meeting
in a spirit of good will in an honest effort to understand each
other, can live together in peace and harmony.
>
> We seek those who agree with this belief to apply for membership in
the Knights of Pythias and join us in an effort to reach ‘Peace
Through Understanding. ‘
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> Knights of Timplar
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>
> Loyal Legion / MOLLUS Organization
>
> Welcome to the World Wide Web home of the Military Order of the
Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS). On April 15, 1865, as
word of President Abraham Lincoln’s death spread throughout the
country, three Union Army officer friends met in Philadelphia to
discuss the tragic news. Rumors from Washington of a conspiracy to
destroy the Federal government by assassination of its leaders
prompted the three officers to form an organization that could help
thwart future threats to the national government.
> A mass meeting of Philadelphia veterans was held on April 20, 1865
to pledge renewed allegiance to the Union and to plan for
participation in the funeral arrangements for the President. The
Philadelphia officers, who served as an honor guard for President
Lincoln’s funeral cortege, met again after the funeral was over to
establish a permanent organization of officers and former officers
patterned after the Society of Cincinnati established after the
Revolutionary War. The name they chose, the Military Order of the
Loyal Legion of the United States, first appeared in a notice calling
a meeting on May 31, 1865 at Independence Hall.
> Since its inception, the MOLLUS membership has included nearly
12,000 Civil War officers. At its zenith, the MOLLUS counted
practically every prominent officer among its ranks. Among them were
Generals Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman; Lt. Generals Philip H.
Sheridan, Nelson A. Miles and John M. Schofield; Major General
Winfield Scott Hancock, George B. McClellan, Rutherford B. Hayes,
George Armstrong Custer, David McMurtrie Gregg and Grenville M.
Dodge; Admiral David G. Farragut; Rear Admirals Bancroft Gherardi and
George W. Melville. In addition to Ulysses S. Grant and Rutherford B.
Hayes, Original Companions Chester A. Arthur, Benjamin Harrison and
William McKinley served as Presidents of the United States.
> With the eventual aging of the Original Companions, membership
within the MOLLUS was changed to provide for Hereditary Companions;
descendants of eligible officers. There are currently four categories
of membership: Hereditary, Junior, Associate and Honorary. Many
Original Companions of MOLLUS were also members of the Grand Army of
the Republic (GAR). Similarly, many Hereditary Companions of MOLLUS
are currently also members of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil
War, the legal heir to the GAR. Membership information may be
obtained by going to our interactive Membership Information Request
form.
> Organizationally, the MOLLUS is composed of a National Commandery-
in-Chief and individual state Commanderies. There are currently 19
Commanderies and two Provisional Commanderies. Additional information
regarding the MOLLUS, its history, commanderies, membership, and
activities may be obtained by going to our Web Site Index page.
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> Fraternities -
>
> You Are Here: > Sigma Chi > About Sigma Chi > History > History of
Fraternities
> History of Fraternities
> Serious-minded men founded fraternities that set up lifelong ideals
for themselves and their successors. A true appreciation of their
spirit and purpose can only be attained by understanding their
colorful history.
>
> In the Beginning
> In 1776, Phi Beta Kappa, the first American society to bear a Greek-
letter name, was born at the College of William and Mary in
Williamsburg, Va. Like the fraternities of today, it had a ritual
that was secret to all but its members, as well as a secret motto,
grip and password. This society soon became, and has since remained,
purely honorary, with high scholastic attainment in liberal arts as
the prerequisite for membership.
>
> Kappa Alpha Society is the oldest brotherhood of a social and
literary character that has had a continuous existence in American
colleges. Founded at Union College in Schenectady, N.Y., on Nov. 26,
1825, it is recognized as the forerunner of the present system of
American college fraternities. It has chartered 12 chapters.
>
> Sigma Phi, founded at the same institution in the spring of 1827,
and the second oldest fraternity, was the first to establish a branch
chapter at another college. It, too, has severely restricted
expansion, having granted but 14 charters in its history.
>
> Delta Phi, established in 1827, has chartered 24 chapters.
>
> The Big Three
> Known as ‖The Union Triad,†Kappa Alpha, Sigma Phi and Delta
Phi soon faced faculty opposition. Delta Phi took up the defense of
fraternities and member John Jay Hyde of the class of 1834
represented them. Hyde stated the aims and objectives of fraternities
so well that he convinced them of the benefits of continuing the
fraternity system.
>
> These three Eastern societies became the model for the American
college fraternity system, and imitation of them or splintering away
from them accounts for the establishment of nearly all Greek-letter
organizations.
>
> Chapters Multiply
> In 1831, Sigma Phi became the first fraternity to establish a
second chapter, which it placed at Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y.
In 1832, the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity was founded at the same
college.
>
> Go West, Young Man
> By 1833, America’s fraternity system consisted of Kappa Alpha,
Sigma Phi, Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon (founded at Union College) and
Alpha Delta Phi. Then a lone founder of Alpha Delta Phi boldly
planted its second chapter at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, in
what was then considered ‖the West.†Ohio became the third state-
after New York and Virginia-and Miami University became the fourth
institution to serve as a home to fraternities.
>
> Opposition to the establishment of Alpha Delta Phi at Miami
University led to the formation of Beta Theta Pi on Aug. 8, 1839-as
the first fraternity to originate west of the Alleghenies. The birth
of Phi Delta Theta occurred at Miami on Dec. 26, 1848.
>
> Schism Creates Sigma Chi
> Delta Kappa Epsilon was founded at Yale in 1844 by 15 members of
the class of 1846. All 15 had expected to become members of one of
the then junior societies of Phi Upsilon and Alpha Delta Phi. When
some of them were not invited to join, they decided that together
they would found a new society. The 13th chapter of Delta Kappa
Epsilon was established at Miami in 1852. An 1855 schism in this
young chapter led to the founding of Sigma Chi on June 28 of the same
year.
>
> Thus the ‖Miami Triad†of Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta and
Sigma Chi was complete and began to spread throughout the West and
South. The three parent chapters were dormant during the inactivity
of Miami University from 1873 until 1886, and there were other short
periods of dormancy in the cases of Phi Delta Theta and Sigma Chi. In
all three organizations, the number of charter grants has exceeded
100, and today the Miami Triad fraternities are international in
every sense of the word.
>
> Southern Expansion
> The first fraternity to be started in the South, the W.W.W., or
Rainbow, was founded at the University of Mississippi in 1848. This
group later united with Delta Tau Delta.
>
> Sigma Alpha Epsilon, born at the University of Alabama one year
after the founding of Sigma Chi, is recorded as being the second
fraternity founded in the South. After the Civil War, the state of
affairs in the South was so uncertain that the re-establishment of
northern fraternities was not generally undertaken all at once, and
as a result numerous new southern fraternities were born.
>
> The Virginia Military Institute was the site of three foundings:
Alpha Tau Omega in 1865, Kappa Sigma Kappa in 1867 and Sigma Nu in
1869. The Kappa Alpha Order was founded at Washington and Lee
University in 1865, and Pi Kappa Alpha originated in 1868, followed
by Kappa Sigma in 1869 at the University of Virginia. Since 1900, the
development of new fraternities has been so rapid that the 20th-
century organizations outnumber those established during the 126
preceding years.
>
>
>
> Skull and Bones:
>
> The Legend of the Skull Of Sidon
>
>
> The Skull and Cross bones have long been known to have Masonic
connections. It was commonly used as a symbol on Masonic Grave sites
in the past. The Skull and Crossbones, Masonic or not point out to us
all, our own mortality and eventual death. This image of mortality
was believed to figure in Templar ritual. Now while this claim in and
of itself seems quite believable, one of the legends of how it came
to be is not.
> It is well known that the order of the Templars were monastic in
nature and therefore forbidden to have involvement with women.
> The legend of the Skull of Sidon states that a great lady of
Maraclea was loved by a Templar who was a Lord of Sidon. She died
suddenly. On the night of her burial, he supposedly crept to her
grave, dug up her body and violated it.
> Then a voice from the void bade him return in nine months time for
he would find a son.
> He returned at the appointed time, opened the grave again and found
a head on the leg bones of the skeleton (skull and crossbones).
> The same voice bade him ‘guard it well, for it would be the giver
of all good things’, and so he carried it away with him.
> It became his protecting genius, and he was able to defeat his
enemies by merely showing them the magic head. In due course, it
passed to the possession of the order.
> This tale can be traced back to a twelfth century author named
Walter Mapp, although the story at this time is not connected with
the Templar Knights. However, at the time of their trials 1307-1314
it was well woven into the Templar legend. In fact it was called upon
during the actual trials of the Templars.
> Edward Burman in his book Supremely Abominable Crimes tells of an
Antonio Sicci, an apostolic notary from Vercelli, Northern Italy.
Sicci recounts to the inquisitors the tale of the Lord of Sidon which
he claimed he learned while working for the order in the Holy Land.
His accusation and recounting of the tale is similar to that quoted
in Baigent and Leigh’s book.
> As ridiculous as this tale seems in modern times, it was easily
bought during the period. The inquisitors and theologians would have
picked up on the fact that the woman of the piece was Armenian by
background. This they would have connected with the Armenian Church
and its Paulician sects. The Paulicians and the Bogomils were
practitioners of Catharism which the church had all but wiped out
during the Albigensian Crusade. Since the church believed the Cathari
to be practitioners of the Black Mass and necromancy, the woman’s
Armenian background would make the story guilty by association.
> – The Holy Blood and The Holy Grail
>
>
>

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