Queen Liliuokalani vs. U.S. President or the Mouse and the Elephant (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTuS1ISYEak ) - A Review of the Facts - by Amelia Gora (2010)
Nominated for President on the eighth ballot at the 1888 Republican Convention, Benjamin Harrison conducted one of the first "front-porch" campaigns, delivering short speeches to delegations that
visited him in Indianapolis. As he was only 5 feet, 6 inches tall,
Democrats called him "Little Ben"; Republicans replied that he was big
enough to wear the hat of his grandfather, "Old Tippecanoe."
Born in 1833 on a farm by the Ohio River below Cincinnati, Harrison attended Miami University in Ohio and read law in Cincinnati. He moved to Indianapolis, where he practiced law and campaigned for the
Republican Party. He married Caroline Lavinia Scott in 1853. After the
Civil War--he was Colonel of the 70th Volunteer Infantry--Harrison
became a pillar of Indianapolis, enhancing his reputation as a brilliant
lawyer.
The Democrats defeated him for Governor of Indiana in 1876 by unfairly stigmatizing him as "Kid Gloves" Harrison. In the 1880's he served in the United States Senate, where he championed Indians.
homesteaders, and Civil War veterans.
In the Presidential election, Harrison received 100,000 fewer popular votes than Cleveland, but carried the Electoral College 233 to 168. Although Harrison had made no political bargains, his supporters had
given innumerable pledges upon his behalf.
When Boss Matt Quay of Pennsylvania heard that Harrison ascribed his narrow victory to Providence, Quay exclaimed that Harrison would never know "how close a number of men were compelled to approach... the
penitentiary to make him President."
Harrison was proud of the vigorous foreign policy which he helped shape. The first Pan American Congress met in Washington in 1889, establishing an information center which later became the Pan American
Union. At the end of his administration Harrison submitted to the Senate
a treaty to annex Hawaii; to his disappointment, President Cleveland
later withdrew it.
Substantial appropriation bills were signed by Harrison for internal improvements, naval expansion, and subsidies for steamship lines. For the first time except in war, Congress appropriated a billion dollars.
When critics attacked "the billion-dollar Congress," Speaker Thomas B.
Reed replied, "This is a billion-dollar country." President Harrison
also signed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act "to protect trade and commerce
against unlawful restraints and monopolies," the first Federal act
attempting to regulate trusts.
The most perplexing domestic problem Harrison faced was the tariff issue. The high tariff rates in effect had created a surplus of money in the Treasury. Low-tariff advocates argued that the surplus was hurting
business. Republican leaders in Congress successfully met the challenge.
Representative William McKinley and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich framed a
still higher tariff bill; some rates were intentionally prohibitive.
Harrison tried to make the tariff more acceptable by writing in reciprocity provisions. To cope with the Treasury surplus, the tariff was removed from imported raw sugar; sugar growers within the United
States were given two cents a pound bounty on their production.
Long before the end of the Harrison Administration, the Treasury surplus had evaporated, and prosperity seemed about to disappear as well. Congressional elections in 1890 went stingingly against the
Republicans, and party leaders decided to abandon President Harrison
although he had cooperated with Congress on party legislation.
Nevertheless, his party renominated him in 1892, but he was defeated by
Cleveland.
After he left office, Harrison returned to Indianapolis, and married the widowed Mrs. Mary Dimmick in 1896. A dignified elder statesman, he died in 1901.
1893 - http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu3.html
The First Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland was the only President to leave the White House and return for a second term four years later.
One of nine children of a Presbyterian minister, Cleveland was born in New Jersey in 1837. He was raised in upstate New York. As a lawyer in Buffalo, he became notable for his single-minded concentration upon
whatever task faced him.
At 44, he emerged into a political prominence that carried him to the White House in three years. Running as a reformer, he was elected Mayor of Buffalo in 1881, and later, Governor of New York.
Cleveland won the Presidency with the combined support of Democrats and reform Republicans, the "Mugwumps," who disliked the record of his opponent James G. Blaine of Maine.
A bachelor, Cleveland was ill at ease at first with all the comforts of the White House. "I must go to dinner," he wrote a friend, "but I wish it was to eat a pickled herring a Swiss cheese and a chop at Louis'
instead of the French stuff I shall find." In June 1886 Cleveland
married 21-year-old Frances Folsom; he was the only President married in
the White House.
Cleveland vigorously pursued a policy barring special favors to any economic group. Vetoing a bill to appropriate $10,000 to distribute seed grain among drought-stricken farmers in Texas, he wrote: "Federal aid
in such cases encourages the expectation of paternal care on the part of
the Government and weakens the sturdiness of our national character. . .
. "
He also vetoed many private pension bills to Civil War veterans whose claims were fraudulent. When Congress, pressured by the Grand Army of the Republic, passed a bill granting pensions for disabilities not
caused by military service, Cleveland vetoed it, too.
He angered the railroads by ordering an investigation of western lands they held by Government grant. He forced them to return 81,000,000 acres. He also signed the Interstate Commerce Act, the first law
attempting Federal regulation of the railroads.
In December 1887 he called on Congress to reduce high protective tariffs. Told that he had given Republicans an effective issue for the campaign of 1888, he retorted, "What is the use of being elected or
re-elected unless you stand for something?" But Cleveland was defeated
in 1888; although he won a larger popular majority than the Republican
candidate Benjamin Harrison, he received fewer electoral votes.
Elected again in 1892, Cleveland faced an acute depression. He dealt directly with the Treasury crisis rather than with business failures, farm mortgage foreclosures, and unemployment. He obtained repeal of the
mildly inflationary Sherman Silver Purchase Act and, with the aid of
Wall Street, maintained the Treasury's gold reserve.
When railroad strikers in Chicago violated an injunction, Cleveland sent Federal troops to enforce it. "If it takes the entire army and navy of the United States to deliver a post card in Chicago," he thundered,
"that card will be delivered."
Cleveland's blunt treatment of the railroad strikers stirred the pride of many Americans. So did the vigorous way in which he forced Great Britain to accept arbitration of a disputed boundary in Venezuela.
But his policies during the depression were generally unpopular. His
party deserted him and nominated William Jennings Bryan in 1896.
After leaving the White House, Cleveland lived in retirement in Princeton, New Jersey. He died in 1908.
Learn more about Grover Cleveland's spouse, Frances
Folsom Cleveland
1895-1896 U.S. President Cleveland was on record for giving Hawaii
back to Queen Liliuokalani.
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0C14F73E5E12738"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C14F73E5E12738DDD"
SAYS GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS TRUSTS; Mr.
Hitchcock Condemns System of
Army and Navy Contracts. ARMOR PLATE AS EXAMPLE Beef Trust,
Shipbuilding Trust, and Railroads Cited -- Bates Calls Cleveland a
Receptive Candidate.
Note: This article will open in PDF format. Get Adobe Acrobat Reader or Learn More
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9406E5D6153AE733A25752C2A9649C946597D6CF
1897 - http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu5.html
Source = U.S. Presidential files(?)
Scanned phtocopies of microfilmed original (English) and newspaper report (Hawaiian)
I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, by the Will of God named heir-apparent on the tenth day of April, A.D. 1877, and by the grace of God Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on the seventeenth day of January,
A.D. 1893, do hereby protest against the ratification of a certain
treaty, which, so I am informed, has been signed at Washington by
Messrs, Hatch, Thurston, and Kinney, purporting to cede those Islands to
the territory and dominion of the United States. I declare such a
treaty to be an act of -wrong toward the native and part-native people
of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation
of international rights both toward my people and toward friendly
nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud
whereby the constitutional government was overthrown, and, finally, an
act of gross injustice to me.
BECAUSE the official protests made by me on the seventeenth day of January, 1893, to the so-called Provisional Government was signed by me, and received by said government with the assurance that the case was
referred to the United States of America for arbitration.
BECAUSE that protest and my communications to the United States
Government immediately thereafter expressly declare that I yielded my
authority to the forces of the United States in order to avoid
bloodshed, and because I recognized the futility of a conflict with so
formidable a power.
BECAUSE the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and an envoy commissioned by them reported in official documents that my government was unlawfully coerced by the forces, diplomatic and naval,
of the United States; that I was at the date of their investigations the
constitutional ruler of my people.
BECAUSE neither the above-named commission nor the government which
sends it has ever received any such authority from the registered voters
of Hawaii, but derives its assumed powers from the so-called committee
of public safety, organized on or about the seventeenth-day of January,
1893, said committee being composed largely of persons claiming American
citizenship, and not one single Hawaiian was a member thereof, or in
any way participated in the demonstration leading to its existence.
BECAUSE my people, about forty thousand in number, have in no way been consulted by those, three thousand in number, who claim the right to destroy the independence of Hawaii. My people constitute four-fifths
of the legally qualified voters of Hawaii, and excluding those imported
for the demands of labor, about the same proportion of the inhabitants.
BECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only the civic rights of my people, but, further, the hereditary property of their chiefs. Of the 4,000,000 acres composing the territory said treaty offers to annex, 1,000,000 or
915,000 acres has in no way been heretofore recognized as other than
the private property of the constitutional monarch, subject to a control
in now way differing from other items of a private estate.
BECAUSE it is proposed by said treaty to confiscate said property, technically called the crown lands, those legally entitled thereto, either now or in succession, receiving no consideration whatever for
estates, their title to which has been always undisputed, and which is
legitimately in my name at this date.
BECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only all professions of perpetual amity and good faith made by the United States in former treaties with the sovereigns representing the Hawaiian people, but all treaties made
by those sovereigns with other and friendly powers, and it is thereby in
violation of international law.
BECAUSE, by treating with the parties claiming at this time the right to cede said territory of Hawaii, the Government of the United States receives such territory from the hands of those whom its own magistrates
(legally elected by the people of the United States, and in office in
1893) pronounced fraudulently in power and unconstitutionally ruling
Hawaii.
Therefore I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, do hereby call upon the President of that nation, to whom alone I yielded my property and my authority, to withdraw said treaty (ceding said Islands) from further
consideration. I ask the honorable Senate of the United States to
decline to ratify said treaty, and I implore the people of this great
and good nation, from whom my ancestors learned the Christian religion,
to sustain their representatives in such acts of justice and equity as
may be in accord with the principles of their fathers, and to the
Almighty Ruler of the universe, to him who judgeth righteously, I commit
my cause.
Done at Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this seventeenth day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-seven.
U.S. President
Cleveland was on
record for giving Hawaii
back to Queen Liliuokalani.
Note: This article will open in PDF format. Get Adobe Acrobat Reader or Learn More
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9406E5D6153AE733A25752C2A9649C946597D6CF
Pua"">
Benjamin Harrison
Nominated for President on the eighth ballot at the 1888 Republican Convention, Benjamin Harrison conducted one of the first "front-porch" campaigns, delivering short speeches to delegations that
visited him in Indianapolis. As he was only 5 feet, 6 inches tall,
Democrats called him "Little Ben"; Republicans replied that he was big
enough to wear the hat of his grandfather, "Old Tippecanoe."
Born in 1833 on a farm by the Ohio River below Cincinnati, Harrison attended Miami University in Ohio and read law in Cincinnati. He moved to Indianapolis, where he practiced law and campaigned for the
Republican Party. He married Caroline Lavinia Scott in 1853. After the
Civil War--he was Colonel of the 70th Volunteer Infantry--Harrison
became a pillar of Indianapolis, enhancing his reputation as a brilliant
lawyer.
The Democrats defeated him for Governor of Indiana in 1876 by unfairly stigmatizing him as "Kid Gloves" Harrison. In the 1880's he served in the United States Senate, where he championed Indians.
homesteaders, and Civil War veterans.
In the Presidential election, Harrison received 100,000 fewer popular votes than Cleveland, but carried the Electoral College 233 to 168. Although Harrison had made no political bargains, his supporters had
given innumerable pledges upon his behalf.
When Boss Matt Quay of Pennsylvania heard that Harrison ascribed his narrow victory to Providence, Quay exclaimed that Harrison would never know "how close a number of men were compelled to approach... the
penitentiary to make him President."
Harrison was proud of the vigorous foreign policy which he helped shape. The first Pan American Congress met in Washington in 1889, establishing an information center which later became the Pan American
Union. At the end of his administration Harrison submitted to the Senate
a treaty to annex Hawaii; to his disappointment, President Cleveland
later withdrew it.
Substantial appropriation bills were signed by Harrison for internal improvements, naval expansion, and subsidies for steamship lines. For the first time except in war, Congress appropriated a billion dollars.
When critics attacked "the billion-dollar Congress," Speaker Thomas B.
Reed replied, "This is a billion-dollar country." President Harrison
also signed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act "to protect trade and commerce
against unlawful restraints and monopolies," the first Federal act
attempting to regulate trusts.
The most perplexing domestic problem Harrison faced was the tariff issue. The high tariff rates in effect had created a surplus of money in the Treasury. Low-tariff advocates argued that the surplus was hurting
business. Republican leaders in Congress successfully met the challenge.
Representative William McKinley and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich framed a
still higher tariff bill; some rates were intentionally prohibitive.
Harrison tried to make the tariff more acceptable by writing in reciprocity provisions. To cope with the Treasury surplus, the tariff was removed from imported raw sugar; sugar growers within the United
States were given two cents a pound bounty on their production.
Long before the end of the Harrison Administration, the Treasury surplus had evaporated, and prosperity seemed about to disappear as well. Congressional elections in 1890 went stingingly against the
Republicans, and party leaders decided to abandon President Harrison
although he had cooperated with Congress on party legislation.
Nevertheless, his party renominated him in 1892, but he was defeated by
Cleveland.
After he left office, Harrison returned to Indianapolis, and married the widowed Mrs. Mary Dimmick in 1896. A dignified elder statesman, he died in 1901.
Learn more about Benjamin Harrison 's spouse, Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison.
1893 - http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu3.html
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Liliuokalani, 1893 to Benjamin Harrison
from Blount Report
Ex-Queen Liliuokalani to the President. (Received February 3, 1893.) |
His Excellency BENJAMIN HARRISON, President of the United States: MY GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: It is with deep regret that I address you on this occasion. Some of my subjects, aided by aliens, have renounced their loyalty and revolted against the constitutional government of my Kingdom. They have attempted to depose me and to establish a provisional government, in direct conflict with the organic law of this Kingdom. Upon receiving incontestable proof that his excellency the minister plenipotentiary of the United States, aided and abetted their unlawful movements and caused United States troops to be landed for that purpose, I submitted to force, believing that he would not have acted in that manner unless by the authority of the Government which he represents. This action on my part was prompted by three reasons: The futility of a conflict with the United States; the desire to avoid violence, bloodshed, and the destruction of life and property, and the certainty which I feel that you and your Government will right whatever wrongs may have been inflicted upon us in the premises. In due time a statement of the true facts relating this matter will be laid before you, and I live in the hope that you will judge uprightly and justly between myself and my enemies. This appeal is not made for myself personally, but for my people who have hitherto always enjoyed the friendship and protection of the United States. My opponents have taken the only vessel which could be obtained here for the purpose, and hearing of their intention to send a delegation of their number to present their side of this conflict before you, I requested the favor of sending by the same vessel an envoy to you, to lay before you my statement, as the facts appear to myself and my loyal subjects. This request has been refused and I now ask you that in justice to myself and to my people that no steps be taken by the Government of the United States until my cause can be heard by you. I shall be able to dispatch an envoy about the 2d day of February as that will be the first available opportunity hence, and he will reach you with every possible haste that there may be no delay in the settlement of this matter. I pray you, therefore, my good friend, that you will not allow any conclusions to be reached by you until my envoy arrives. I beg to assure you of the continuance of my highest consideration. |
LILIUOKALANI, R. HONOLULU, January 18,1893. |
Grover Cleveland
The First Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland was the only President to leave the White House and return for a second term four years later.
One of nine children of a Presbyterian minister, Cleveland was born in New Jersey in 1837. He was raised in upstate New York. As a lawyer in Buffalo, he became notable for his single-minded concentration upon
whatever task faced him.
At 44, he emerged into a political prominence that carried him to the White House in three years. Running as a reformer, he was elected Mayor of Buffalo in 1881, and later, Governor of New York.
Cleveland won the Presidency with the combined support of Democrats and reform Republicans, the "Mugwumps," who disliked the record of his opponent James G. Blaine of Maine.
A bachelor, Cleveland was ill at ease at first with all the comforts of the White House. "I must go to dinner," he wrote a friend, "but I wish it was to eat a pickled herring a Swiss cheese and a chop at Louis'
instead of the French stuff I shall find." In June 1886 Cleveland
married 21-year-old Frances Folsom; he was the only President married in
the White House.
Cleveland vigorously pursued a policy barring special favors to any economic group. Vetoing a bill to appropriate $10,000 to distribute seed grain among drought-stricken farmers in Texas, he wrote: "Federal aid
in such cases encourages the expectation of paternal care on the part of
the Government and weakens the sturdiness of our national character. . .
. "
He also vetoed many private pension bills to Civil War veterans whose claims were fraudulent. When Congress, pressured by the Grand Army of the Republic, passed a bill granting pensions for disabilities not
caused by military service, Cleveland vetoed it, too.
He angered the railroads by ordering an investigation of western lands they held by Government grant. He forced them to return 81,000,000 acres. He also signed the Interstate Commerce Act, the first law
attempting Federal regulation of the railroads.
In December 1887 he called on Congress to reduce high protective tariffs. Told that he had given Republicans an effective issue for the campaign of 1888, he retorted, "What is the use of being elected or
re-elected unless you stand for something?" But Cleveland was defeated
in 1888; although he won a larger popular majority than the Republican
candidate Benjamin Harrison, he received fewer electoral votes.
Elected again in 1892, Cleveland faced an acute depression. He dealt directly with the Treasury crisis rather than with business failures, farm mortgage foreclosures, and unemployment. He obtained repeal of the
mildly inflationary Sherman Silver Purchase Act and, with the aid of
Wall Street, maintained the Treasury's gold reserve.
When railroad strikers in Chicago violated an injunction, Cleveland sent Federal troops to enforce it. "If it takes the entire army and navy of the United States to deliver a post card in Chicago," he thundered,
"that card will be delivered."
Cleveland's blunt treatment of the railroad strikers stirred the pride of many Americans. So did the vigorous way in which he forced Great Britain to accept arbitration of a disputed boundary in Venezuela.
But his policies during the depression were generally unpopular. His
party deserted him and nominated William Jennings Bryan in 1896.
After leaving the White House, Cleveland lived in retirement in Princeton, New Jersey. He died in 1908.
Learn more about Grover Cleveland's spouse, Frances
Folsom Cleveland
1894-1895: BLOUNT REPORT http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/blount.html
Pertains to the Americans in the Kingdom of Hawaii:
See letter February 17, 1893 from President Harrison to Congress:
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Blount Report: Affairs in Hawaii
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 77, Fifty-second Congress, second session. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TRANSMITTING Correspondence respecting relations between the United States and the Hawaiian Islands from September, 1820, to January, 1893. FEBRUARY 17, 1893. - Read, referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and ordered to be printed. To the Senate: I transmit herewith a letter from the Secretary of State of the 15th instant, covering a report with accompanying correspondence respect- ing relations between the United States and the Hawaiian Islands from September, 1820, to January, 1893. BENJ. HARRISON. EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, February 16, 1893. The PRESIDENT : In further relation to the subject, and as being of interest in con- junction with the papers submitting the treaty concluded and signed at Washington on the 14th of February, instant, and sent to the Senate with a message on the 15th instant, the undersigned, Secre- tary of State, has the honor to submit the accompanying report by Andrew H. Allen, chief of the Bureau of Rolls and Library of this De- partment, upon the relations between the United States and the Ha- waiian Islands from 1820 to 1893, supplemented by an appendix and copies of considerable correspondence involved in the narrative. This report shows that from an early day the policy of the United States has been consistently and constantly declared against any for- eign aggression in the Kingdom of Hawaii inimical to the necessarily paramount rights and interests of the American people there, and the uniform contemplation of their annexation as a contingent necessity. But beyond that it is shown that annexation has been on more than one occasion avowed as a policy and attempted as a fact. Such a solu- tion was admitted as early as 1850 by so far-sighted a statesman as Lord Palmerston when he recommended to a visiting Hawaiian com- mission the contingency of a protectorate under the United States or 5
back to Queen Liliuokalani.
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0C14F73E5E12738"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C14F73E5E12738DDD"
SAYS GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS TRUSTS; Mr.
Hitchcock Condemns System of
Army and Navy Contracts. ARMOR PLATE AS EXAMPLE Beef Trust,
Shipbuilding Trust, and Railroads Cited -- Bates Calls Cleveland a
Receptive Candidate.
[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20. -- That the Federal Government, which is supposed to be after the trusts, is making large contracts with them and
paying them the people's money, was charged by Representative
Hitchcock (Dem., Neb.) in the course of a vigorous criticism of the
army and navy expenditures in the House to-day.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20. -- That the Federal Government, which is supposed to be after the trusts, is making large contracts with them and
paying them the people's money, was charged by Representative
Hitchcock (Dem., Neb.) in the course of a vigorous criticism of the
army and navy expenditures in the House to-day.
Note: This article will open in PDF format. Get Adobe Acrobat Reader or Learn Morehttp://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9406E5D6153AE733A25752C2A9649C946597D6CF
1897 - http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/protest/liliu5.html
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Anti-annexation Protest Documents - Liliuokalani to William McKinley (U.S. President), June 17, 1897
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Source = U.S. Presidential files(?)
Scanned phtocopies of microfilmed original (English) and newspaper report (Hawaiian)
I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, by the Will of God named heir-apparent on the tenth day of April, A.D. 1877, and by the grace of God Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on the seventeenth day of January,
A.D. 1893, do hereby protest against the ratification of a certain
treaty, which, so I am informed, has been signed at Washington by
Messrs, Hatch, Thurston, and Kinney, purporting to cede those Islands to
the territory and dominion of the United States. I declare such a
treaty to be an act of -wrong toward the native and part-native people
of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation
of international rights both toward my people and toward friendly
nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud
whereby the constitutional government was overthrown, and, finally, an
act of gross injustice to me.
BECAUSE the official protests made by me on the seventeenth day of January, 1893, to the so-called Provisional Government was signed by me, and received by said government with the assurance that the case was
referred to the United States of America for arbitration.
BECAUSE that protest and my communications to the United States
Government immediately thereafter expressly declare that I yielded my
authority to the forces of the United States in order to avoid
bloodshed, and because I recognized the futility of a conflict with so
formidable a power.
BECAUSE the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and an envoy commissioned by them reported in official documents that my government was unlawfully coerced by the forces, diplomatic and naval,
of the United States; that I was at the date of their investigations the
constitutional ruler of my people.
BECAUSE neither the above-named commission nor the government which
sends it has ever received any such authority from the registered voters
of Hawaii, but derives its assumed powers from the so-called committee
of public safety, organized on or about the seventeenth-day of January,
1893, said committee being composed largely of persons claiming American
citizenship, and not one single Hawaiian was a member thereof, or in
any way participated in the demonstration leading to its existence.
BECAUSE my people, about forty thousand in number, have in no way been consulted by those, three thousand in number, who claim the right to destroy the independence of Hawaii. My people constitute four-fifths
of the legally qualified voters of Hawaii, and excluding those imported
for the demands of labor, about the same proportion of the inhabitants.
BECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only the civic rights of my people, but, further, the hereditary property of their chiefs. Of the 4,000,000 acres composing the territory said treaty offers to annex, 1,000,000 or
915,000 acres has in no way been heretofore recognized as other than
the private property of the constitutional monarch, subject to a control
in now way differing from other items of a private estate.
BECAUSE it is proposed by said treaty to confiscate said property, technically called the crown lands, those legally entitled thereto, either now or in succession, receiving no consideration whatever for
estates, their title to which has been always undisputed, and which is
legitimately in my name at this date.
BECAUSE said treaty ignores, not only all professions of perpetual amity and good faith made by the United States in former treaties with the sovereigns representing the Hawaiian people, but all treaties made
by those sovereigns with other and friendly powers, and it is thereby in
violation of international law.
BECAUSE, by treating with the parties claiming at this time the right to cede said territory of Hawaii, the Government of the United States receives such territory from the hands of those whom its own magistrates
(legally elected by the people of the United States, and in office in
1893) pronounced fraudulently in power and unconstitutionally ruling
Hawaii.
Therefore I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, do hereby call upon the President of that nation, to whom alone I yielded my property and my authority, to withdraw said treaty (ceding said Islands) from further
consideration. I ask the honorable Senate of the United States to
decline to ratify said treaty, and I implore the people of this great
and good nation, from whom my ancestors learned the Christian religion,
to sustain their representatives in such acts of justice and equity as
may be in accord with the principles of their fathers, and to the
Almighty Ruler of the universe, to him who judgeth righteously, I commit
my cause.
Done at Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this seventeenth day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-seven.
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************************************************************************
SUMMARY
Queen Liliuokalani's Issues Remained with the U.S. President Alone, and not with the U.S. Congress, or the American People (in the Hawaiian Islands, etc.)
Reasons are stated in the documents/evidence
1893 - Queen Liliuokalani documented the following:
"They have attempted to depose me and to establish a provisional government, in direct conflict with the organic law of this Kingdom." attempted to depose her and contrary to the organic law moved to establish a provisional government.
"I now ask you that in justice to myself and to my people that no steps be taken by the Government of the United States until my cause can be heard by you........I pray you, therefore, my good friend, that you will
not allow any conclusions to be reached by you until my envoy arrives.
I beg to assure you of the continuance of my highest consideration."
not allow any conclusions to be reached by you until my envoy arrives.
I beg to assure you of the continuance of my highest consideration."
"I requested the favor of sending by the same vessel an envoy to you, to lay before you my statement, as the facts appear to myself and my loyal
subjects.
This request has been refused and I now ask you that in justice to
myself and to my people that no steps be taken by the Government of the
United States until my cause can be heard by you."
subjects.
This request has been refused and I now ask you that in justice to
myself and to my people that no steps be taken by the Government of the
United States until my cause can be heard by you."
Note: In Queen Liliuokalani's book HAWAII'S STORY BY HAWAII'S QUEEN http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/liliuokalani/hawaii/hawaii.html
Queen Liliuokalani stated that she was not able to send dispatches out; therefore, she would have been unable to receive dispatches as well.
1895 -
Cleveland was on
record for giving Hawaii
back to Queen Liliuokalani.
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1897 - Queen Liliuokalani documented: "Therefore I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, do hereby call upon the President of that nation, to whom alone I yielded my property and my authority,"
The Facts are hereby submitted that the Blount Report would be considered a diversion of the issues because Queen Liliuokalani and the U.S. President Alone were the two that everyone needed to be concerned about.
Leaders of two recognized Nations were the only two that everyone needs to focus on, the others, although important as subjects and citizens (including Congress) were not legally a part of the lawful, legal conduct between Nations. The leaders alone, disregarding treasonous persons based on documented conspiracies, piracies, fraud, deception, criminal malfeasance were issues.
Duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation remain issues affecting another Nations attempt in assuming a neutral nations lands, assets, properties, resources, people, etc.
"The futility of a conflict with the United States; the desire to avoid violence, bloodshed, and the destruction of life and property, and the certainty which I feel that you and your Government will right
whatever wrongs may have been inflicted upon us in the premises."
whatever wrongs may have been inflicted upon us in the premises."
Queen Liliuokalani documented, "They have attempted to depose me and to establish a provisional government, in direct conflict with the organic law of this Kingdom." in 1893. She did not receive the important message from President Cleveland, and maintained even four (4) years later or 1897:
" Therefore, I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, do hereby call upon the President of that nation, to whom alone I yielded my property and my authority,"
Lastly, there's no and's, if's, or butts............the Hawaiian Kingdom exists!
aloha.
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- hi Kaohi, agree with you..............and.................and to top that off, unless they know the truth and are doing something about it.........most on the Hawaiian Islands are "homeless"............even the wealthy..........and their own government, legally.......aloha.
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- a repost................keep in mind that this article was not updated: MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT LAND REFORM -pamphlet by KSBE 2000- Review by Amelia Gora, a Royal person (2009) Much printed in this pamphlet gives reasons for laughs.....because it's lie filled, and those who steal talk about "A History of Stealing Hawaiian Land" when they themselves are the biggest criminals..................well, as everyone knows every crook gets caught, it's just a matter of time. The following is the KSBE idea of the Chronological History of Land Reform in Hawaii. My comments/notes are posted in blue print: 1810 - King Kamehameha I dies, leading to the overthrow of the Kapu system. Comments/notes: Kamehameha instructed his alii that they no longer practice the Kapu system. They followed his instructions. (oral history) 1825 - Under pressure from Westerners, King Kamehameha III allows the konohiki to retain control of lands held under the previous monarch. This first successful "land reform" effort expands Western property rights, at the expense of the King and the Hawaiian nation. Comments/notes: The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. 1839 - A proclamation named the Declaration of Rights is established, assuring foreigners that property they held would not be recaimed by the crown. Comments/notes: The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. 1840 - A constitution is written, changing the government from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy. The action changed the essence of the land tenure system, with the land now belonging to the konohiki and commoners, and the King acting only as manager. Comments/notes: The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. Contrary to the "King acting only as a manager", the King owned the Crown Lands, the personal properties, and the Government lands. The Konohiki were the overseers and the caretakers with the commoners owning properties within ahupuaas. Native tenant rights were reserved. 1841 - Westerners pressure the King to allow island governors to enter into 50=year leases with foreigners. Comments/notes: greed motivated businessmen, many from the missionaries/ mercenaries wanted what kanaka maoli had. Most came from families who had very little, and were made up of scoundrels, scums, thieves, murderers who came from the 13 penal colonies which made up America in the formative years. They were the have nots, the homeless, the squatters, vagrants, occupiers utilizing their religion as an excuse; they were also the mercenaries, hired to seek information, acquire lands, etc. 1845 - A Land Commission comprised of two Westerners, two Hawaiians and one part Hawaiian is developed to determine property rights. Comment/notes: A Land Commission was put together to document land owners who were already living on lands which were not recorded on documents. Oral testimonies were taken, surveys were made accommodating those who maintained the claims on their properties over time, including the time of Kamehameha, etc. The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. 1846 - The Land Commission adopts principles contemplating a new land tenure system in which fee simple ownership and free alienability of land are primary characteristics. Comment/notes: A Land Commission was put together to document land owners who were already living on lands which were not recorded on documents. Oral testimonies were taken, surveys were made accommodating those who maintained the claims on their properties over time, including the time of Kamehameha, etc. The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. 1848 - The Great Mahele is decreed at the urging of foreign advisors. The new land ownership erodes Hawaiian control as commoners are systematically dispossessed by lack of knowledge of the new property rules, cash requirements for registration claims, and adverse possession. Comment/notes: A Land Commission was put together to document land owners who were already living on lands which were not recorded on documents. Oral testimonies were taken, surveys were made accommodating those who maintained the claims on their properties over time, including the time of Kamehameha, etc. The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. Additionally, some of the missionaries who recorded lands in their communities for the kanaka maoli obtained large land tracts and failed to distribute it to the true owners. research incomplete. 1850 - The Kuleana Act of 1850 is passed awarding less than 1 percent of the land to fewer than 8,300 commoners. Comment/notes: A Land Commission was put together to document land owners who were already living on lands which were not recorded on documents. Oral testimonies were taken, surveys were made accommodating those who maintained the claims on their properties over time, including the time of Kamehameha, etc. The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. Additionally, some of the missionaries who recorded lands in their communities for the kanaka maoli obtained large land tracts and failed to distribute it to the true owners. research incomplete. 1884 - Upon her death in 1884, Bernice Pauahi Bishop leaves 434,300 acres of Hawaiian land in perpetual trust, with Kamehameha Schools as the sole beneficiary. Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estate is founded. Comments/notes: Criminal deviance documented because the lies put out that Berne Pauahi Bishop was the last of the Kamehamehas were perpetuated by the non aboriginal Hawaiians, the conspirators who moved to undermine kanaka maoli ownership of lands in Hawaii over time. PIRATES OF THE PACIFIC: Charles Reed Bishop and Friends were the criminal deviants, the historical identity thieves, conspiring and treasonous persons who supported the U.S. goals in assuming lands, and assets of the Royal families. Royal persons, descendants of Kamehameha exist and have a Royal status which is not subject to the laws. Much fraud, criminal deviance has been uncovered from the records, and the true land owners are the families of those who existed then and descendants who exist now. Entities do not inherit, but bloodlines do. KSBE has been problematic over time and are not the true and proper owners of the lands, but are documented terrorists in our friendly, neutral, non-violent nation which did not move towards War as they did with the U.S. support. 1887 - Foreign businessmen force King Kalakaua to concede to the Bayonet Constitution stripping the power of the sovereign and Hawaiians of their land rights. Comments/Notes: The King was under stress, duress, usurpation, and coercion. Everything since that time period became null and void. A Land Commission was put together to document land owners who were already living on lands which were not recorded on documents. Oral testimonies were taken, surveys were made accommodating those who maintained the claims on their properties over time, including the time of Kamehameha, etc. The Allodial system, Royal Patents were put into place securing the lands forever to the aboriginal Hawaiians. Unlike the Western/American laws, the interpretation by non aboriginal Hawaiians were interpreted in their minds eye, but the reality is that the Royal Patents were permanent issues from a Monarchy government, which is contrary to the American democratic government system. Non- aboriginal Hawaiians were given "freehold - less than allodial" and terms of properties were specified for foreigners which resulted in adjudication and escheat to the Kingdom of Hawaii government. Additionally, some of the missionaries who recorded lands in their communities for the kanaka maoli obtained large land tracts and failed to distribute it to the true owners. research incomplete. 1893 - Queen Liliuokalani constitutional monarchy is terminated and the Hawaiian nation overthrown by American businessmen backed by the U.S. military. Meanwhile, the Western sovereign power, the Republic of Hawaii, is illegally formed. Government lands are now controlled by Western intereests and native Hawaiians have lost control. By this time, an estimated 600,000 acres of government land have been sold, mostly to Westerners. Comments/notes: Recent research shows that premeditation of dethroning our Queen in 1893 occurred with the direction of the U.S. President, Congress, and the bankers (also the International bankers), which included England's claws in the picture. On January 9, 1893 the instructions by Congress to the Americans in Hawaii was posted in the NEW YORK TIMES to assume Hawaii. During King Kalakaua's period, Americans requested for loans for the U.S. and were denied. The reason being that it would take more than a thousand years to get paid back. Only piddlings of interest would be paid. (Note that the U.S. OWES so many other nations - which means the U.S. is NOT a free standing nation, obliged to WAR to fulfill its DEBTS owed to others.) On January 15, 1893 - nearly 200 American military "poured" off the ship BOSTON geared with weaponry. Another article documents that this occurred on the 16th. This was cause of Duress on Queen Liliuokalani, her subjects, the Hawaiian Kingdom, etals. On January 17, 1893 - Queen Liliuokalani destroyed the Constitution which gave the authority back to the Royal families as well. Queen Liliuokalani was a hanai/adopted daughter of a Kamehameha descendant, who was also the mother of the true Bernice Pauahi who married Charles Reed Bishop, Pirate, American banker, planter, conspirator/ treasonous person. Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects remained under Duress/duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation. All deeds made by the entity Provisional government supported by the U.S. was null and void. They were totally illegal since January 15, 1893 to present day. 1897 - Westerners represent 9 percent of Hawaii's population, yet own 67 percent of taable land. Native Hawaiians own just 24 percent. Comments and Notes: Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects remained under Duress/duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation. All deeds made by the entity Provisional government supported by the U.S. was null and void. They were totally illegal since January 15, 1893 to present day. 1898 - Land is ceded to the U.S. upon the annexation of Hawaii. Comments and Notes: Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects remained under Duress/duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation. All deeds made by the entity Provisional government supported by the U.S. was null and void. They were totally illegal since January 15, 1893 to present day. Annexation was illegal. 1900 - The Organic Act is approved, establishing the Territory of Hawaii. The ceding of Hawaiian land to the United States in 1898 is confirmed. The United States sets aside lare tracts for its sole benefit and use. Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects remained under Duress/duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation. All deeds made by the entity Provisional government supported by the U.S. was null and void. They were totally illegal since January 15, 1893 to present day. 2000 - The U.S. remains illegal, tresspasses, belligerent occupiers, pirates since January 15, 1893 to this day. There are no treaties, because Queen Liliuokalani documented that the U.S. breached the law of Nations. The entity State of Hawaii, and the U.S. who supported the illegal acts against a friendly, neutral, non-violent, non Warring nation did criminal acts upon our Royal families, and subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom. PROJECT EXTERMINATION is set in place to kill off the innocent people who did nothing to the Americans who resorted to conspiracies, piracies against a nation recognized amongst the Law of Nations and move to destroy those with the TRUTH. Depleted uranium use is pending and Oppositions have been recorded. No one living in Hawaii should pay taxes. No one living on our family lands should pay mortgages excepting the occupying military. The military cannot continue to use lands belonging to our Royal families, which includes the firing ranges set up for depleted uranium use in Pohakuloa, Big Island, Hawaii; Makua, Oahu, Hawaii; and Schofield, Oahu, Hawaii. Everyone should continue to spend very little when you come to Hawaii (and the U.S.) due to the onward move to destroy innocent nations including our Hawaiian Islands, the Hawaiian archipelago, Hawaiian Kingdom, Kingdom of Hawaii, He Mokupuni Pae Aina o Hawaii which is one of the eight (8) areas in the world that has the most fresh water. We are the true owners of these lands. The U.S. is moving to turn us into a TOXIC DUMP, along with other Innocent nations. They have no authority or jurisdiction in our islands. The only nations that have treaties with our Hawaiian Kingdom remain nations that can continue to interact with us. This excludes the U.S. and England. aloha. **************************************************************** ****Repost: Attachment to Kingdom of Hawaii Record No. 2009-0150 - Let Peace be the Rule; Continued Oppositions to the U.S. etals. Claims to our Lands Including Crown Lands, eetc. dated 4/7/2009 - from Amelia Gora, Royal Families Representative, Acting Liaison o Amelia GoraAddendum to Kingdom of Hawaii Record No. 2009-0150 – Let Peace be the Rule; C... 11:20 AM (21 hours ago) Amelia Gora to president, comments, 11:20 AM (21 hours ago) Addendum to Kingdom of Hawaii Record No. 2009-0150 – Let Peace be the Rule; Continued Oppositions to the U.S. etals. Claims to our Lands including Crown Lands, etc. dated 4/7/2009: The following is a list of documents and references affecting Kingdom of Hawaii Record No. 2009-0150: 1. Evidence of U.S. request for loans from the Kingdom of Hawaii and the House of Nobles denying the request. Reference: King Kalakaua’s records, Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 2. Evidence of U.S. record of borrowing money from the German Jews with expectations of 10% interest. Reference: King Kalakaua’s records, Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 3. Evidence of U.S. premeditation to assume Hawaii before the criminal dethronement of Hawaii’s Queen Liliuokalani in 1893. Reference: Shane Lee researcher, NEW YORK TIMES article, “Pearl Harbor Coaling Station. Imperative Necessity that the United States Take Possession”, January 9, 1893. 4. Evidence of conspiracies, treasonous activities, including Mason/Freemason meetings set up to dethrone Hawaii’s Queen in 1893. Reference: Research by many, and including Amelia Gora. 5. Evidence of U.S. being in a depression in 1893. Reference: THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS (1922) The Frontier Press Company, Buffalo, New York. 6. Evidence of U.S. Vice President affiliated with international monetary transfers. Reference: 7. Queen Liliuokalani turned over her interest to the U.S. President Benjamin Harrison, former American Civil War General, temporarily until corrections were made. Reference: Annexation Opposition found by researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano. 8. Queen Liliuokalani did not turn over the interest of the “ruling chiefs” descendants/ heirs. Reference: Annexation Opposition found by researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano. 9. January 31, 1893, U.S. President Benjamin Harrison refuted the House and Senates Bill and used his executive order in blocking the rights to prosecute “crimes on the high seas” or piracy(ies). Reference: Proclamations, Executive orders, internet research. 10. U.S. President Benjamin Harrison retired from office, March 4, 1893. Reference: THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS (1922) The Frontier Press Company, Buffalo, New York. 11. The entity Provisional government, made of up conspirators, treasonous persons, pirates moved to form a Republic which moved to treaty with their own government, the Americans for Pearl Harbor which still has owners. The frauds were entered into court by the Attorneys for the Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates over the condemnation case affecting Pearl Harbor. Reference: See the Premeditation article found by Shane Lee researcher, NEW YORK TIMES article, “Pearl Harbor Coaling Station. Imperative Necessity that the United States Take Possession”, January 9, 1893; Condemnation Case in First Circuit Court over Halawa; and PEARL HARBOR RECIPROCITY TREATY: THE TRUTH by Amelia Gora. 12. 1895 - Queen Liliuokalani was “arrested for no specific charged offense, taken by force, and confined alone in the Iolani palace. She was told that those she dearly loved, personal friends, were awaiting execution, and the only act which would save their lives was an act of abdication to be signed by her. To save those she loved she executed the document you publish. It was an act consummated under the plainest kind of duress, void even had it been legally executed.” Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects since 1893 were under stress, duress, usurpation, and coercion. Reference: THE HAWAIIAN QUESTION, 1st Quarter, 1897, out of LEADING TOPICS OF THE QUARTER, etc. 13. Non college educated Grover Cleveland was inaugurated again. U.S. Grover Cleveland became a object of documented Blunders due to the following reasons: - He ordered the suspension of the operation of the Geary Act, an assumption of power for which there is no authority in the Constitution. - He dispatched a Commissioner paramount to investigate affairs in the Sandwich Islands, who superseded the regular Minister of the United States, duly confirmed by the Senate, and whom he unlawfully invested with the power to command the naval forces of the United States. - He interfered in the domestic affairs of the island group, and while pretending to be on friendly terms with the revolutionary government sought to set up Queen Liliuokalani in its stead. - He appointed a Minister to Hawaii, who, with threats of war not openly expressed, but suggested, was to carry out that crooked policy. - He ordered a revenue cutter on the 3d of December to make a voyage at heavy expense to Honolulu and back, a distance for the round trip of 4,000 miles, to instruct Minister Willis not to carry out his instructions to their legitimate end, for that implied war, which the President had apparently only then learned was beyond his power under the Constitution. - He declared that the continued purchase of silver under the Sherman Act was making away with the Treasury reserve and sending all the gold out of the country, and called Congress together to repeal that alleged menace to our financial future. - The Sherman Act was repealed, but the reserve is still running down. Further, before Congress could act, the gold which had been sent abroad had all returned, and there is more gold in the banks of New York now than they know what to do with. - The policy pursued by him on this question undermined for the time being public confidence and produced a serious money panic, from which the country has not yet recovered. - He notoriously used the vast patronage which attaches to his office to push his pet project of setting up the single standard of gold, and all this in the name of Civil Service Reform. - He appointed to a foreign mission a person who had no other qualification for the office but the subscription of $50,000 to the Democratic campaign fund, and was fully apprised of all the facts in the case before he did so. - He was nominated for a place on the Supreme Bench a New York lawyer, who was counsel in the Chicago case in which a railroad sought to deprive that city of a considerable portion of its water-front. No stone will be left unturned to set aside the decision of the Supreme Court against the railroad, for other railroads have like interests—notably the Southern Pacific, so far as the Oakland water-front is concerned. But it cannot be effected except by the recasting of the Court. If Hornblower were confirmed he could not sit in a case in which he acted as a lawyer, for the law forbids it, but he would lessen by one the strength of the Court in that particular case. The Senate is likely to dispose of him. - He has inflicted serious injury on the silver-mining industry, and by the tariff which he favors proposes to depress most of our other industries. - The policy which he and his Cabinet propose will confer a bonus on the Kentucky Whisky Ring of $10,000,000; will enrich the Democrats who have bought Nova Scotian coal mines in expectation of the removal of the duty on coal; will foster Southern interests at the expense of the North; will impose taxes on the latter which the Sunnyside section will not have to pay, while enriching foreign manufactures at the expense of our own; will reduce the wages of all workingmen and force them to a level with the pauper labor of Europe; will give to the subsidized railroads all they ask; and will secure victory to the gold bugs. - The inauguration which took place on the 4th of March last may well be set down as dies irae. It was Pandora’s box that President Cleveland on that occasion opened on the easter portion of the Capitol. Since then unnumbered woes have fallen on the country, and the end is not yet. The unemployed thousands everywhere encountered can attest the fact. The stagnation of business corroborates it. Democracy of the Cleveland variety is burning itself into the hearts and memories of the people. Reference: Article “The Blunders of Ten Months”, San Francisco newspaper, Archives file, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 14. Queen Liliuokalani’s Official opposition to Annexation. Reference: Kiliwehi Kekumano’s research at the National Archives, Maryland. 15. Claimed opposition to Annexation from the Archives, Honolulu, Oahu on file for 80 years. Reference: Archives, Honolulu, Oahu. 16. Annexation opposition was supported by the majority of the population: 40,000 subjects of Hawaii’s Queen in 1893 vs. 3,000 conspiring, treasonous, pirate Americans/ paid off supporters (many were paid $50-$5,000 for their participation). Reference: Queen Liliuokalani’s Letters, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii; 21,000 signatures found by Noelani Silva, etals. A few years ago; NEW YORK TIMES article, 17. Supreme Court Justices decision of the Newlands Resolution had no effect on Hawaii. Reference: Freehawaii Research/Information, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 18. Article out of the Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii – Blunders of U.S. President Cleveland: Reference: San Francisco newspaper clipping, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 19. John Pierpont Morgan, international banker and investor for both England and the U.S., claimed that the assets of Hawaii belonged to the U.S. Reference: 20. John Pierpont Morgan “floated United States bonds issue of $62,000,000 during Cleveland administration; organized and floated securities of United States Steel Corporation, 1901 (capital, $1,100,000,000); secured American subscriptions of $50,000,000 to British war loan of April, 1901. Reference: THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS (1922) The Frontier Press Company, Buffalo, New York. 21. John Pierpont Morgan, investor of the banking system of the U.S. and England affected the Banking System and was part of the international banking investors, connected with the Standard Oil Company which evolved into the EXXON Oil Company, etc. Reference: THE MASTERS OF CAPITAL (1909) by James Moody, Yale University 22. Bernice Pauahi Bishop was not the last of the Kamehameha’s. Reference: NR Volume 1 and 2 : Kaoleioku had four (4) children: Hanuna (male); Pauahi (female); Keola (male); and Konia (female). Hanuna had 4 children – descendants exist. Pauahi had Ruth Keelikolani and stepsiblings – stepsiblings descendants exist. Keola (k) had a son – descendants exist. Konia had Bernice Pauahi; her hanai/adopted child was Namakaeha/Makaeha/ Liliuokalani/Queen Liliuokalani – descendants/heirs exist. 23. Bernice Pauahi Bishop’s heir was Kalola (female). Kalola’s descendants/heirs exist. Reference: Genealogy research by Amelia K. Gora, one of the descendants of Kalola, etals. 24. Charles Reed Bishop conveyed his life interest to the trustees of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Trust aka’s and the trustees claimed that they were the heirs. In actuality, they are pirates. Reference: Liber 142 page 142, Bureau of Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 25. Hawaii’s Queen and aboriginal Hawaiians were called “niggers”. The Kingdom of Hawaii did pass an anti-slavery law in 1852 banning slavery. Southern ships avoided anchoring in the Hawaiian Islands during the American Civil War period. Reference: Kingdom of Hawaii’s laws; Cartoon clippings; Congressional records, evidence at the Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii; news articles, Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 26. In 1900, the Organic Act was passed and aboriginal Hawaiians were not recognized as persons affected by the Act unless they agreed to be an American citizen. Reference: Organic Act 1900, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 27. Women and children were viewed as objects and owned by males of the household. The House of Representatives and the Senate passed a resolution submitting to the states a proposed federal amendment extending full suffrage to women throughout the nation; it was ratified by the requisite number of States and on August 26, 1920, the amendment was adopted. 28. U.S. President and Congress have no authority outside of 3-12 miles from the contiguous parts of the U.S. 29. U.S. President Proclamations No. 3300 “Admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union by the President of the United States of America” Dwight D. Eisenhower signed it after “…twenty-first day of August in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and fifty-nine, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-fourth.” Reference: Proclamations, Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 30. U.S. President Reagan in 1988 claimed 12 Nautical miles from the contiguous parts of the U.S. This translated to approximately 13 miles. 31. 1996 – Affidavit/Lien/Notice filed affecting our Hawaiian archipelago. Other Liens have also been filed since. Reference: Amelia Gora’s Lien filings with the Kingdom of Hawaii records also. 32. 1999 – William Paakaula Kalawaianui filed documents in the Third Circuit Court as Konohiki Sovereign in Pro Se on July 29, 1999, Civil No. 96-163K case. Kalawaianui reminded everyone that the Crown Lands are inalienable citing 1 Bla. Comm., 286 2 Steph. Com. 550.; translations of Kamehameha III: “Known all men by these presents, that I, Kamehameha III, by the Grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands, do hereby give, make over and set apart forever, to the Chiefs, and People of my Kingdom, and convey all my rights, title and interest in the lands situated here in the Hawaiian Islands, inscribed on pages 179 to 225, both inclusive, of this book to Have and to Hold to my Chiefs and People forever….. Kamehameha III’s Crown Lands were his Private Lands reserved to himself, his heirs, and successors, forever. References: Cases cited: Stewart v. Kahn, 11 Wall. (78 C.S.) 493, 504; Lawrie v. Miller, Tex. Com, App., 45 S.W. 2d 172, 173; 2 Bla. Com., 244 et. Seq.; 13 Rich (S.C.) 77; In re Alton’s Estate, 220 Pa. 258, 69 Alt.; People v. Conklin, 2 Hill (N.Y.) 67.; Cross v. DeValle, 1 Wall, (U.S.) 5, 17 L. Ed. 5aq5; Atkins v. Kron, 40 N.C., etc. Miranda Warning cited “to all persons acting Illegally with the intent of Fraud, or Treason notice documented in Bureau of Conveyances Liber 20882, page 479. 33. Pirates of the Pacific were recorded in the book PIRATES OF THE PACIFIC: CHARLES REED BISHOP AND FRIENDS documenting criminal deviants, conspirators, pirates, treasonous persons against our Queen and subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom over time. More names have been documented which are recorded in the Honolulu Police Department records and compiled for PIRATES OF THE PACIFIC II – The Bankers, etals. Reference: PIRATES OF THE PACIFIC: CHARLES REED BISHOP AND FRIENDS (2003) and PIRATES OF THE PACIFIC – incomplete project. 34. Honolulu Police Department assigned an official record under police report number 98-273435 for the purposes of recording “Genocide Activities in Hawaii”. To date names of U.S. President’s Clinton, Bush, Hawaii’s entity State of Hawaii’s Governors, Judges, Attorneys, etals. Have been documented. Others include Senators Daniel Akaka, Daniel Inouye, Neil Abercrombie, etals. Reference: City and County of Honolulu – Police Department 801 South Beretania Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Reference No. 98-273435 AF-CF dated July 23, 1998, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii to Ms. Amelia K. Gora signed by Robert L. Silva, Major, Records Division for Lee D. Donhue, Chief of Police 35. I, Amelia Gora, a Royal person, one of the owners of the Crown Lands, Royal families lands, descendant of Kalola, heir of Bernice Pauahi, etals., Alii Nui and Alii Trusts, did record the entity State of Hawaii Governor Lingle, etals. Pirates with historical facts of piracy(ies) in our occupied Hawaiian Islands, etc. Reference: See previous e-mails, certified letters sent to the U.S. Presidents over time. 36. On April 13, 2009, U.S. President Obama stated that ‘pirates are to be held accountable for their actions ……………’ Reference: 6 PM news, KGMB - Channel 9, April 13, 2009, Monday. **** Attachment to Kingdom of Hawaii Record No. 2009-0150 - Let Peace be the Rule; Continued Oppositions to the U.S. etals. Claims to our Lands Including Crown Lands, eetc. dated 4/7/2009 - from Amelia Gora, Royal Families Representative, Acting Liaison o Amelia Gora to comments, president, governor.lingle, hpd, ja, john.maguire, Web show details 12:06 PM (20 hours ago) Reply Greetings, Please see www.theiolani.blogspot.com for the following: Attachment to Kingdom of Hawaii Record No. 2009-0150 - Let Peace be the Rule; Continued Oppositions to the U.S. etals. Claims to our Lands Including Crown Lands, eetc. dated 4/7/2009 - from Amelia Gora, Royal Families Representative, Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs aloha. Legal Notice **** ******************************************************Mele Carroll 4-8-09 *CEDED LANDS
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Permalink Reply by Tina matildo botelho on - hey i got that
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- hi i am tina matildo i am from the real line of kawannakoas and piikoi i have the real blood to the mornarchy both sides of the kingdom and would like to announce same here as amelia gora give us back what is rightfully ours and stop the people who is not right fully the kingdoms asset.
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Ka poe haahaa ka naau no ka mea lakou ke aupuni o ka lani
- Tutu Mele Keawe Kauweloa and oral history from gramma Mary Kuulei Gora (2001)
The humble people will reach to righteousness.
-Always remember that Premeditation by the U.S. Congress, et. als. found by researcher Shane Lee; Stress, Duress, Coercion, Usurpation on our Queen Liliuokalani, her subjects, et. als.; Fraud Finds; Documented Oppositions against the U.S. including the Opposition to Annexation found by researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano, the Agreements made between the leaders of two nations, the Opposition to Statehood by Harold Abel Cathcart, Genocide Activities File at the Honolulu Police Department, Oppositions to the Akaka Bill, Countless letters to the Presidents (Clinton, Bush, Obama, et. als.), to the Governors (Cayetano, Lingle, Abercrombie), et. als., Multiples of Affidavits/Liens filed at the Bureau of Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, 333 issues of the IOLANI - The Royal Hawk, more than 25+ history, genealogy books, articles, forums posts on various forums, Court cases documenting fraud, deceit, criminal deviance by myself and others, etc. are on record..... Laws including Title Code 18 USSC 1001-1002 can be used by everyone to charge the lawmakers/judges, etc. with fictitious language - a fraud..... use this with the evidence of the Premeditation article and the Opposition to Annexation documents: Premeditation to take over Pearl Harbor - Page 1 (found by researcher Shane Lee) https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wZmFmMWE3YjEtNTAwMy00ZG... Premeditation to take over Pearl Harbor - page 2 https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2RlYzdiOWMtNWJkYS00YW... Opposition to Annexation - page 1 (researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano found the true Opposition in Maryland) https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wOGJmZjg4MmQtNWRjMS00NT... Opposition to Annexation Page 2 https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wNWVlMTc0MjEtZWZiZS00Y2... Opposition to Annexation page 3 https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wY2RjYzZmNjQtMjUxYi00Zm... Opposition to Annexation - page 4 https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wNmY2Mzk3ZTctZDEyMy00Yz... aloha.
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- These are Political Cartoons that were found in Queen Liliuokalani's files:
******************************* These are the Political Cartoons posted at: http://library.kcc.hawaii.edu/~soma/cartoons/
POLITICAL CARICATURES OF THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM
Circa 1875-1905
This index represents a portion of the political caricatures and cartoons which were published during a pivotal period in Hawai'i's history. Most of the prints, appearing prior to the overthrow and continuing through the annexation of Hawai'i, were extracted from the American magazines, Puck and Judge. These magazines flourished in the late 1800's and early 1900's as humor magazines providing comment on the events of the time, and as agents of political influence actively supporting or opposing political candidates, and domestic and international policy. By smearing his opponent, Puck helped to elect Grover Cleveland. Judge, in partnership with the GOP, secured the elections of Benjamin Harrison and William McKinley. This genre for political reform was at its height, having gained impetus by Thomas Nast's effectively convicting the Tweed Ring with his graphic invectives.Richard E. Marschall writes in A History of Puck, Judge and Life (The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons, Horn, Maurice, ed., Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 1980), "To today's scholar, they [the magazines] are an excellent reflection of American civilization of the day...Humor cuts through pretense, and by exposing prejudices, fads, morals and life-styles, the cartoonist paints a unique and unrivaled portrait of his contemporaries." These cartoons are presented as a matter of historical record.
Due to time constraints research was done only at the Hawai'i State Archives, the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Archives and the Hawaiian Historical Society Library.
1883
- "The New Lorelei". Cartoon, color. San Francisco, California. The Wasp. August 11, 1883. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection.Corner note: We are glad to hear evidences that the monumental fraud called the Kingdom of the Sandwich Islands, which has been maintained for the past twelve years at the expense of the people of the U.S., is ready fall to pieces. We presume that England will then step in and assume a protectorate.
Description: Grover Cleveland is depicted as Lorelei sitting dejectedly on a rock in foreground, the Sandwich Isles lie in the distance, a U.S. vessel is shipwrecked and a British ship is gathering flotsam.
1887
- "To the Rescue." Cartoon, chromolith. San Francisco, California, The Wasp, July 16, 1887. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection [37/32].
Description: King Kalakaua sits on a throne being toppled by the "revolution". The schooner "Lurline" is in the background. A barefoot woman rushing back from the Jubilee represents Kapi'olani.
- "Which will win?" Cartoon, chromolith. San Francisco, California, The Wasp, August 27, 1887. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection [37/33].
Description: Shows King Kalakaua drunk, his crown askew. John Bull is holding him up by an arm and emptying a bottle onto the ground. Caricatured Kapi'olani is holding his other arm. Cleveland is on his knees before them pleading for something
1893
- Victor. "We Draw the Line at This." Cartoon, color lithograph. [New York], Judge, v25, 6331, December 2, 1893. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Drawer Ills. press 1-2, Negative no. CP103.862, slide no. XS 30.786.
Caption: Our good-natured country may allow this administration to give our market to England, sell our embassies to Anglomaniac dudes, and cause the reduction of wages to the European standard. But...
Description: Soldiers are holding up on points of bayonets a round platform upon which sits a caricature of Lili'uokalani, feathers in her hair, crown askew, barefoot, holding a paper reading "scandalous government", and "gross immorality".
- Victor. "When We Annex Hawaii." Cartoon, color lithograph. [New York], Judge, c.1893. Hawai'i State Archives. Kahn Collection. Also at Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Drawer Ills. press. Negative no. CP103.873, slide no. XS 31.155. Honolulu, Hawai'iDescription: Several vignettes with captions.
- "The bicycle will be in demand"
- "Make Dave Hill king of the Sandwich Islands."
- "Transfer Tammany to the wilds of Hawaii."
- "A great American institution will be at once adopted"- i.e. swindlers, cheats, etc.
- "Another great American institution will beautify the country" - i.e. saloon, liquor.
- "The enterprising Yankee agents will shortly afflict the inhabitants."
- "What a magnificent field for Dr. Parkhurst."
- "Queen Lily will have a great time"-i.e. in a meuseum (sic) side show attraction.
1894
- "His Little Hawaiian Game Checkmated." Cartoon, chromolith. [New York], Judge. n.p., c1894. Hawaiian Historical Society, Whitney scrapbook, p114, 999.6 W61S. Kahn Collection [37/35], Hawai'i State Archives. Also at Bernice P. Bishop Museum Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i.
Caption: Uncle Sam: "Grover this game has been too deep for you. Every move you've made has been a blunder, and now you've lost your Black Queen and the game.
Description: Uncle Sam and Cleveland are playing chess with pieces representing the U.S. senators and Queen Lili'uokalani.
- Taylor. "In His Second Childhood." Cartoon, color lithograph. New York, N.Y. Puck, v 35, n 886, February 28, 1894. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection.Description: Hoar is strapped into a high chair in the senatorial nursery and a page seems to be dangling a "Queen Lil" doll in front of him.
1897
- Taylor, C.J. "Another Shotgun Wedding, with Neither Party Willing". Cartoon, color lithograph. Puck, v 42, n 1082. December 1, 1897. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Archives, Honolulu, Hawai'i. Drawer: Ills. Press 1-2, negative no. CP 103.858, slide no. XS 30.782.Description: A woman (Hawai'i) and Uncle Sam are getting married, kneeling before the minister (McKinley) who is reading from a book entitled "Annexation Policy". The bride seems ready to bolt. Behind the couple stands Morgan (jingo) with a shotgun.
- Dalrymple. "Patient Waiters are No Losers." Cartoon, color lithograph. New York, Puck. January 13, 1897. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection.
Caption: Uncle Sam - "I ain't in a hurry-it'll drop into my basket when it gets ripe."
Description: Uncle Sam is standing under a fruit tree, fruits hanging from tree are labeled "Hawaii, Canada, Cuba, Florida, Texas, California, and Louisiana".
- Dalrymple. "Settling Affairs of State." Cartoon, color lithograph. New York, Puck, vXLI, n1062, July 14, 1897. Hawai'i State Archives. Kahn Collection. Also at Bernice P. Bishop Museum Archives. Drawer: Ills. Press 1-2, negative no. CP103.859, slide no. XS30.783. Honolulu, Hawai'i.Description: Secretary Sherman, dressed as an old woman, is gathering flowers from a pot labeled "Diplomatic Questions". The flowers are labeled "Bering Sea", "Cuba", "Hawaii". He is plucking petals from the Hawai'i flower.
1898
- Dalrymple. "School Begins". Cartoon, color lithograph. [New York], Puck, 1898. Hawai'i State Archives. Kahn Collection 37:39. Also at Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawai'i.
Caption: Uncle Sam (to his new class on civilization) - "Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that in a little while, you will be as glad to be here as they are!"
Description: In the back of the classroom students representing California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Alaska are quietly reading. In the front row are boys representing the Philippines, Porto (sic) Rico, Cuba, and Hawai'i looking bored and out of place.
- Keppler. "A Trifle Embarrassed." Cartoon, chromolith. [New York], Puck, 1898. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection [37/36].Caption: Uncle Sam: "Gosh, I wish they wouldn't come quite so many in a bunch; but if I've got to take them, I guess I can do as well by them as I've done by the others."
Description: Uncle Sam and Lady Liberty are standing by a wall labeled "U.S. Foundling Asylum". Outstretched arms labeled "Manifest Destiny" are handing them a basket of crying children representing Porto (sic) Rico, Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines. Children dancing in the yard are labeled California, Texas and Mexico.
1900
- Pughe, J.S. "Hurrah! The country is saved again." Cartoon, color lithograph. Puck, 1900. Hawai'i State Archives. Kahn Collection [37/40]. Also at Bernice P. Bishop Museum Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i.
Description: Uncle Sam and Miss Columbia are at the gate of the Capitol dancing with little people representing Cuba, Porto (sic) Rico, Labor, Capital, Philippines and Hawai'i.
- Dalrymple. "The Ill-Fated Sister." Cartoon, color lithograph. New York, Puck, 1900. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection [37/41].Description: U.S. and Hawaii are riding in a carriage named "Free Trade", Porto (sic) Rico is standing forlornly by the roadside.
1901
- Hamilton, Grant. "The American Policy". Cartoon, color lithograph. Judge. c. 1901, v 40, n 1018. Hawai'i State Archives, Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection.Caption: Bringing the truant boy to the little red, white and blue schoolhouse.
Description: Miss Columbia, teacher at the Liberty School, is ringing a bell. Uncle Sam, switch in hand, is dragging by the ear a Filipino boy in loincloth and amulet. Boys from Hawai'i, Cuba, and Porto Rico(sic) are standing around watching.
NO DATE
- Dalrymple. "An Eye-Opener". Cartoon, color lithograph. Puck, n.d., n.p. Hawai'i State Archives, Honolulu. Kahn Collection. Also at Bernice P. Bishop Museum Archives. Drawer: Ills. Press, negative no. CP 103.857, slide no. XS 30.781. Honolulu, Hawai'i.Caption: Uncle Sam- "See if you can read that sign through this hyar telescope o' mine."
Description: Uncle Sam is holding the small end of a telescope on John Bull's eye. John Bull is standing across the water in England and Hawaii is in the middle of the ocean. The telescope is labeled "Monroe Doctrine" and is aimed at a sign reading "No foreign interference."
Additional listings. Mahalo nui loa to the staff at the Hawai'i State Archives, the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Archives and the Hawaiian Historical Society Library for their assistance. Send comments to webmaster@lama.kcc.hawaii.edu Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Kapi'olani Community College Library. All rights reserved. Developed by Linda M.L. Soma, MLIS Prints from Hawai‘i State Archives photographed by Guy Inaba ************************** http://www.edb.utexas.edu/faculty/salinas/students/student_sites/Fa...
Editorial Cartoons All political cartoons courtesy of Univeristy of Hawaii at Manoa Libraries, Special Collections
1. Who are the key players?
2. How do you recognize who they are? 3. What does the chessboard symbolize? 
1. Look at the queen’s clothing. How does the artist depict her as being Hawaiian?
2. What can you tell about her facial expression? And the soldiers? 
1. What is the general tone of this political cartoon? 2. Whose point of view does the artist seem to be portraying? Hawaii or United States? Main Page | Editorial Cartoons | Photos | Participant Accounts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKpOFXIzC8A&playnext=1&list=...
- "The New Lorelei". Cartoon, color. San Francisco, California. The Wasp. August 11, 1883. Hawai'i State Archives. Honolulu, Hawai'i. Kahn Collection.Corner note: We are glad to hear evidences that the monumental fraud called the Kingdom of the Sandwich Islands, which has been maintained for the past twelve years at the expense of the people of the U.S., is ready fall to pieces. We presume that England will then step in and assume a protectorate.
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- http://www.edb.utexas.edu/faculty/salinas/students/student_sites/Fa...Queen Liliuokalani and the American Take-over of HawaiiCreated by: Merrill Davis and Mehreen Tejani Page Created November 15, 2005 We are teacher education candidates at the University of Texas at Austin completing our Student as Historian assignment in order to meet course requirements for Secondary Advanced Social Studies Methods. ******************************
On January 16, 1893, United States Marines from the U.S.S Boston surrounded the palace of Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii. The Queen was informed that a “provisional government” composed of American citizens had been established until such time as the island nation could be annexed by the United States. Queen Liliuokalani peacefully yielded power to avoid bloodshed and put her faith in the government of the United States to restore sovereignty to its peaceful Pacific trading partner. The story of how the U.S. came to invade this small island nation is a shameful but largely forgotten chapter in American history.
A Western Model Nation
By the mid-19th century Hawaii had developed a modern government as a constitutional monarchy. American missionaries were firmly entrenched and Protestant Christianity was the dominant religion. A modern economy based largely on exports had developed, dominated by merchants from the U.S. Sugar was the most important export crop. During the Civil War the North relied largely on Hawaiian sugar imports to replace Southern growers, and the industry boomed. Hawaii’s reigning King Kalakaua did much to assist the sugar industry. A reciprocity trade treaty was negotiated with the United States and agreements were made with Asian nations to bring in much needed labor.
Nevertheless, a movement grew among American citizens in Hawaii to gain greater control over the country. Many favored annexation by the United States. In 1887, these citizens drew up a new constitution with the intention of assassinating the king and establishing a republic. At the last minute, fears of the reaction of the vastly larger native population caused the revolutionaries to rewrite the document, leaving the king in place but stripping him of power. Hawaii had no standing army to speak of, and militia companies organized by the revolutionaries presented the new constitution to the king essentially at gunpoint, causing it to be dubbed the “Bayonet Constitution.” Provisions in the constitution ensured that American business interests would remain in control of the government.
Queen Liliuokalani
When King Kalakaua died in January 1891, his sister, Queen Liliuokalani ascended the throne. By this time revolutionaries were at a fever pitch over the McKinley Tariff of 1890, which caused a recession in the islands by withdrawing the safeguards ensuring a mainland market for Hawaiian sugar. Under the 1887 constitution, power was essentially vested in the legislature and the cabinet of ministers, both controlled by American business interests, but Liliuokalani found a loophole. The death of the former King allowed her to dismiss the cabinet, as the constitution makes no provision for their continuance after the death of a monarch. Over the coming months, Liliuokalani selected new cabinets, only to have them removed by the legislature. As the wrangling continued, Liliuokalani was forced to sign questionable bills passed by the legislature which would later be used by Americans to condemn her, including a lottery bill and legalized opium trade.
Queen Liliuokalani
Coup
In Participant Account #1, an excerpt from Liliuokalani’s autobiography, Liliuokalani describes a great upwelling of support among native Hawaiians for a new constitution. Supporters drew up a constitution that essentially restored the pre-1887 government. Word reached American interests and became the pretext for a coup. John L. Stevens, the American minister to Hawaii and an ardent supporter of annexation, called on troops from the U.S.S. Boston to enter the city and take control of Iolani Palace and various other governmental buildings. In Account #3, we see that Stevens justifies this action “for the protection of the United States legation and United States consulate, and to secure the safety of American life and property.” Yet in Account #2, Liliuokalani describes the city as peaceful that day. A provisional government was established with Sanford B. Dole, one of the leaders of the coup, as President. In Account #1 Liliuokalani describes the charges the revolutionaries made against her. The provisional government almost immediately sends a delegation to Washington to seek annexation, as Stevens describes in his letters in Account #3.
John L. StevensRepercussions
President Cleveland took office soon after and was unhappy with the situation. He sent James H. Blount to replace Stevens as minister to Hawaii and to report on the situation. Blount interviewed all parties and submited an exhaustive 1300 page report in which he concluded that the majority of Hawaiians supported Liliuokalani. He implicated Stevens in the illegal overthrow of Liliuokalani and recommended she be restored. Blount returned home and Albert S. Willis was sent as the new American minister to discuss the possibility of restoring Liliuokalani to the throne. Liliuokalani describes in her autobiography that her discussions with Willis were confusing and led to the false charge in American newspapers that she would behead the revolutionaries if restored to power. Congress intervened and on July 4, 1894, the Republic of Hawaii with Sanford B. Dole as president was declared and recognized by the United States government. Official U.S. policy was to let Hawaii determine its own government.
Rebellion
In January 1895, an attempt was made by native Hawaiians and sympathetic Americans to overthrow Dole’s government. In her autobiography, Liliuokalani describes how she is aware of the rebellion but takes no active part. The rebellion swiftly failed. A collection of antique firearms that belonged to her late husband was used to accuse Liliuokalani of maintaining a cache of weapons for the rebels. She was imprisoned and told that she would be put to death along with the rebels. Her autobiography describes her imprisonment and how her captors evidently change their mind about execution for fear of American public opinion. Liliuokalani was presented with a document formally abdicating the throne and told the rebels would be executed if she did not sign. Liliuokalani chose abdication to save the lives of her supporters. Nevertheless, Liliuokalani was tried for treason and sentenced to pay $5000 and serve 5 years in prison at hard labor (which she doesn’t serve). At her trial Liliuokalani made an eloquent statement defending her actions and pleading for the future of her nation, found in Account #4.
Not all Americans approved of what happened in Hawaii. As previously mentioned, Americans took part in the rebellion of 1895, which attempted to restore Liliuokalani. In his letters to Washington, Stevens speaks of “ ‘liberals,’ as they term, themselves, composed mostly of the irresponsible white voters” who support Liliuokalani. At least one American journalist was ousted by Dole for showing sympathy for the Queen. Political cartoons from the time express concern in the American population over annexation.
Sanford B. Dole
Aftermath
In 1898, Hawaii was annexed to the United States through a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress under Present William McKinley. Liliuokalani wrote her autobiography and continued to live in Hawaii until her death in 1917. In 1993, on the one hundred year anniversary of the coup, President Clinton signed a bill into law formally apologizing to Hawaii for the illegal invasion by the United States.
Conclusions
It is comforting to remember the great things we have done as a nation. America was founded on ideals of freedom and self-determination that are a model to the world. Yet, we have not always lived by those ideals. Greed and feelings of innate superiority have led our ancestors to make decisions we can scarcely be proud of. Our past has a bearing on our present and our future. Understanding the mistakes we have made helps us understand the implications of our future decisions. If we persist in a view of the past that insists that America can do no wrong, we will scarcely question the course we take in the future.
Stories like the invasion of Hawaii must be told. Liliuokalani, while she would not consider herself an American, was as intelligent and brave as any that we hold up as American heroes. One need only read Account #4 to appreciate her eloquence. By choosing to forget a shameful chapter in America’s story, we deny Liliuokalani the place she deserves in history.
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aloha. 
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- http://charleywag.wordpress.com/gallery-i/
Claude Eldridge Toles Collection (1875-1901)
Queen Lili’uokalani Cartoons
leave a comment »Queen Lili’uokalani was the last ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Her government was overthrown by the United States Marine Corps 16 Jan 1893. After the coup Hawaii was governed by Honolulu-born Sanford Dole, the son of Protestant American missionaries. Walter Q. Gresham was President Grover Cleveland’s Secretary of State. The man with the sign is Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World.
***************************************************- aloha.
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- Evening in Paradise by Amelia Gora (2011)
http://www.webspawner.com/users/ameliakuuleigora/ Hawaiian History, Genealogy Books and Gifts
Hawaii/the Hawaiian Archipelago/the Kingdom of Hawaii/the Hawaiian Monarchy is 1,650+ years old, consists of 133 islands surrounded by coral reefs which were claimed by ancestors and documented since 1834. Twenty five *(25*) history, genealogy books were written based on more than 22+ years of history, 19+ years of genealogy, 10+ years of legal research at the Archives, Bureau of Conveyances, Libraries, from original sources. The discovery of Kamehameha's descendants, Royal persons, John Young's (British counselor of Kamehameha), Isaac Davis (British counselor of Kamehameha), Nuuanu (son-in-law of Kamehameha), Mataio Kekuanaoa (father of Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V,etals.), King David Kalakaua, Queen Kapiolani's, Queen Liliuokalani's, Princess Poomaikelani's descendants, etals. is exciting..... because the fact that Royal persons exist means that aboriginal Hawaiians/ kanaka maoli continue to have claims to their lands. Through historical documentation (see HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AFFECTING ALL LANDS IN HAWAII, AFFIDAVIT/LIENS etc. books), continued claims to family lands are secured and maintained by Royal persons/Kamehameha's, King Kalakaua's, Queen Liliuokalani's, Princess Poomaikelani, etals. descendants claims continue to maintain the Royal families Crown Lands, Land claims as well as our aboriginal Hawaiian lands even today. The fact of the matter is that a Monarchy/Constitutional Monarchy government is NOT the same as a democratic government, issues are exposed in the books, research, as well as in the news on the web IOLANI - The Royal Hawk which may be seen at yahoogroups.com under ' hawaiian_genealogy_society-akg '. The purpose is to expose the truth, the controversial information researched and presented in books, writings, articles for many in Hawaii, and the World ....thanks to the Internet. Anti-war issues are also documented with contributions from many writers, researchers. The ramifications of a concerted effort made to dethrone Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani, fraud, criminal deviance, criminal malfeasance issues affect land, money, gold bullions, gold coins, resources, shipping incomes, rents, leases, continues. Hawaii's History affects the World today. Because Hawaii's Royal families exist today, the permanent treaties made by our ancestor and the Royal families of nations in agreement continue. Know that the entity 'State of Hawaii', OHA/ Office of Hawaiian Affairs, etc. are NOT our families and CANNOT, have NOT been granted jurisdiction by Queen Liliuokalani and our non-treasonous families. Note that the Prince Kuhio, Prince Kawananakoa are on record as being aligned with the entity OPPOSING the Monarchs, Kamehameha's families, King Kalakaua's, Queen Liliuokalani's, etals. families. Read about controversial issues affecting Hawaii, Abroad, and the United States. The TRUTH will shock, upset, and disgust you. Perhaps you too will agree that the WARS were fought NEEDLESSLY.....thousands died for FRAUD claims, and more. Did you know that the Kings and Queens were called NIGGERS by Congressmen and depicted so in political cartoons? ****************- aloha.
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- This post was made a year ago................and validates the EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT issues documented by Keanu Sai; and Tom Lenchanko's Posts as well......... ..... read this and many more posts...................this post will sit a little longer then like the others will be removed shortly.........aloha.
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